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Preface to the first edition | |
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Preface to the second edition | |
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Acknowledgements | |
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Sources | |
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Note on transcription, stress marks and transliteration | |
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Glossary of linguistic terms | |
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List of abbreviations | |
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Varieties of language and register | |
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The Russian language and its distribution | |
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Varieties of language | |
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Registers | |
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The colloquial register (R1) | |
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Demotic speech (D) | |
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The neutral register (R2) | |
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The higher register (R3) | |
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Styles of belles-lettres ([characters not reproducible]) | |
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Language of the internet ([characters not reproducible]) | |
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Illustration of register in vocabulary | |
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Regional variation in Russian | |
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Standard pronunciation | |
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Classification of Russian dialects | |
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Regional features | |
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Current debate about standard Russian | |
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Passages illustrating register | |
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R1: from a TV show | |
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R1: based on a conversation in a Russian internet chatroom | |
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R2: magazine interview with a popular actor | |
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R2: question-and-answer session with President Putin | |
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R3a: academic style (modern historiography) | |
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R3a: academic style (scientific writing) | |
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R3b: official/business style (legal) | |
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R3b: official/business style (commercial) | |
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R3c: political journalism (reporting) | |
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R3c: political journalism (comment) | |
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Classical poetry | |
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Literary prose | |
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Language of the internet | |
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Problems of meaning: Russian words | |
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Homonyms | |
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Examples of homonyms | |
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Homonyms with different plural forms | |
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Homophones and homoforms | |
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Homographs | |
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Paronyms | |
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Faux amis ([characters not reproducible]) | |
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Problems of number | |
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Nouns with plural form only | |
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Nouns with singular form only | |
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Russian words difficult to render in English | |
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Problems of translation from English into Russian | |
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English words difficult to render in Russian | |
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Translation of the verb to be | |
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Translation of English modal auxiliary verbs | |
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Transitive and intransitive verbs | |
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Translation of English forms ending in -ing | |
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Translation of too, also, as well | |
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Vocabulary and idiom | |
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Neologisms | |
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Western loanwords in Russian | |
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Recent loanwords from English | |
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Neologisms derived from existing Russian words | |
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Slang | |
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Computing terminology | |
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Transition words | |
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Fillers | |
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Modal particles | |
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Interjections | |
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Vulgar language | |
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Idioms | |
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Proverbs and sayings ([characters not reproducible]) | |
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Similes | |
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Language and everyday life | |
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Measurement | |
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Length, distance, height | |
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Area | |
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Weight | |
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Volume | |
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Russian pre-revolutionary units of measure | |
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Speed | |
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Temperature | |
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Currency | |
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Fractions and presentation of numerals | |
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Time | |
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Telephone numbers | |
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Postal addresses | |
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Family relationships | |
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Public notices | |
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Abbreviations of titles, weights, measures and common expressions | |
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Acronyms and alphabetisms | |
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Names of countries and nationalities | |
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Russia and the other states of the former Soviet Union | |
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Other regions and national minorities of Russia and the former Soviet Union | |
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Europe ([characters not reproducible]) | |
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Africa ([characters not reproducible]) | |
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America ([characters not reproducible]) | |
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Asia ([characters not reproducible]) | |
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The Middle East ([characters not reproducible]) | |
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Australia and New Zealand | |
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Words denoting inhabitants of Russian and former Soviet cities | |
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Jokes ([characters not reproducible]) and puns ([characters not reproducible]) | |
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Verbal etiquette | |
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Introductory remarks | |
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Use of [characters not reproducible] and [characters not reproducible] | |
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Personal names | |
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First names ([characters not reproducible]) | |
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Patronymics ([characters not reproducible]) | |
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Attracting attention ([characters not reproducible]) | |
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Introductions ([characters not reproducible]) | |
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Greetings ([characters not reproducible]) | |
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Farewells ([characters not reproducible]) | |
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Congratulation ([characters not reproducible]) | |
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Wishing ([characters not reproducible]) | |
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Gratitude ([characters not reproducible]) | |
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Apologising ([characters not reproducible]) | |
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Request ([characters not reproducible]) | |
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Invitation ([characters not reproducible]) | |
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Reassurance and condolence ([characters not reproducible]) | |
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Compliments ([characters not reproducible]) | |
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Telephone conversations ([characters not reproducible]) | |
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Letter writing ([characters not reproducible]) | |
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Word-formation | |
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Principles of word-formation | |
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Types of consonant, spelling rules and consonant changes | |
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Hard and soft consonants | |
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Use of the hard sign | |
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Devoicing of consonants | |
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Spelling rules | |
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Consonant changes | |
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Epenthetic [characters not reproducible] | |
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Verbal prefixes | |
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Noun prefixes | |
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Adjectival prefixes | |
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The verbal infixes [characters not reproducible] | |
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Noun suffixes | |
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The principal noun suffixes | |
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Noun suffixes denoting females | |
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Miscellaneous noun suffixes | |
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Diminutive, augmentative and expressive suffixes | |
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Diminutive and hypocoristic suffixes | |
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Double diminutive suffixes | |
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The augmentative suffix [characters not reproducible] | |
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Pejorative suffixes | |
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The principal adjectival suffixes | |
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Suffixes of participial origin | |
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The verbal suffixes [characters not reproducible] | |
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Composition | |
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Compound nouns | |
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Compound adjectives | |
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Inflection | |
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Declension of the noun | |
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Gender | |
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Basic declensional patterns of the noun | |
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Mobile vowels | |
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Genitive singular forms in [characters not reproducible] | |
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Locative singular forms in [characters not reproducible] | |
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Masculine nouns with nominative plural in [characters not reproducible] | |
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Irregularities in the genitive plural of nouns | |
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Irregularities in dative/instrumental/prepositional plural forms | |
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Nouns which are irregular throughout the plural | |
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Nouns with irregular declension throughout | |
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Declension of surnames | |
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Indeclinable nouns | |
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Declension of pronouns | |
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Adjectival forms | |
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Declension of adjectives | |
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Formation of short adjectives | |
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Formation of short comparatives | |
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Formation of adverbs | |
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Declension of numerals | |
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Verb forms | |
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The system of conjugation | |
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1A verbs | |
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1B verbs with vowel stems and unstressed endings | |
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1B verbs with stems in [pi] and p and unstressed endings | |
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1B verbs with vowel stems and stressed endings | |
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1B verbs with consonant stems and unstressed endings | |
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1B verbs with consonant stems and stressed endings | |
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Second-conjugation verbs | |
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Irregular verbs | |
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Formation of the past tense | |
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Formation of the imperative | |
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Formation of gerunds and participles | |
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Formation of imperfective gerunds | |
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Formation of perfective gerunds | |
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Formation of present active participles | |
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Formation of past active participles | |
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Formation of present passive participles | |
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Formation of past passive participles | |
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Prepositions | |
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Valency of prepositions | |
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Prepositions followed by apparent nominative forms | |
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Prepositions governing the accusative | |
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Prepositions governing the genitive | |
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Prepositions governing the dative | |
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Prepositions governing the instrumental | |
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Prepositions governing the prepositional or locative | |
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Prepositional phrases based on nouns | |
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Verbs followed by prepositions | |
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Verbs followed by prepositions governing the accusative | |
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Verbs followed by prepositions governing the genitive | |
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Verbs followed by prepositions governing the dative | |
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Verbs followed by prepositions governing the instrumental | |
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Verbs followed by prepositions governing the prepositional | |
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Rendering of English prepositions in Russian | |
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Syntax | |
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Use of the cases | |
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Use of the nominative | |
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Use of the accusative | |
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Use of case to denote animate direct object | |
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Basic uses of the genitive | |
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Verbs governing the genitive | |
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Case of direct object after a negated verb | |
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Basic uses of the dative | |
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Verbs governing the dative | |
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Basic uses of the instrumental | |
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Verbs governing the instrumental | |
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Use of the prepositional | |
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Use of pronouns | |
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Use of [characters not reproducible] as a relative pronoun | |
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Use of [characters not reproducible] and [characters not reproducible] as interrogative pronouns | |
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Use of negative pronouns ([characters not reproducible] etc.) | |
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Use of [characters not reproducible], etc. | |
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Use of the particles [characters not reproducible] | |
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Use of [characters not reproducible] | |
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Use of short adjectives | |
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Use of numerals | |
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Use of [characters not reproducible] | |
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Use of numerals higher than one in nominative/accusative | |
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Use of numerals in oblique cases | |
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Use of numerals with animate direct object | |
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Use of collective numerals | |
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Approximation | |
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Agreement of predicate with a subject containing a cardinal numeral | |
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Translation of years and people after numerals | |
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Distributive expressions | |
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Time | |
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Dates | |
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Distance | |
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Nouns expressing number | |
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Use of aspects | |
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Basic distinction between the aspects | |
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Effect of adverbial modifiers | |
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Use of aspect in the indicative | |
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Use of aspect in the infinitive | |
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Use of aspect in negative constructions | |
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Use of aspect in the imperative | |
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Problems in choice of tense | |
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Use of verbs of motion | |
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Use of reflexive verbs | |
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The conditional mood | |
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The subjunctive mood | |
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Use of gerunds and participles | |
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Use of gerunds | |
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Use of active participles | |
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Use of present passive participles | |
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Use of past passive participles | |
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Conjunctions | |
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Coordinating conjunctions | |
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Subordinating conjunctions | |
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Subordinating conjunctions used in R1 or R3 | |
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Syntactic features of colloquial speech | |
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Word order | |
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Punctuation | |
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Use of capital letters | |
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Stress | |
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Introductory remarks | |
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Stress in nouns | |
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Masculine nouns | |
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Feminine nouns | |
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Neuter nouns | |
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Irregular stress in certain prepositional singular forms | |
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Prepositions that attract stress in certain phrases | |
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Stress in adjectives | |
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Stress in verbs | |
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Stress in first-conjugation verbs | |
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Stress in second-conjugation verbs | |
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Stress in past-tense forms | |
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Stress in gerunds and participles | |
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Miscellaneous points | |
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Variation in stress | |
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Index of Russian words, phrases and affixes | |
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General index | |