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| Preface and acknowledgments | |
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| List of abbreviations | |
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| Grammatical form | |
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| Form, meaning, and use | |
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| Aspects of linguistic form | |
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| Grammar as a system of rules | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Analyzing word structure | |
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| Identifying meaningful elements | |
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| Morphemes | |
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| Representing word structure | |
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| Analyzing position classes | |
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| A typology of word structure | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Constituent structure | |
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| Ambiguity | |
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| Constituency | |
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| Hierarchy | |
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| Syntactic categories | |
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| Tree diagrams: representing the constituents of a clause | |
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| Pronouns and proper names as phrasal categories | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Practice exercises | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Semantic roles and Grammatical Relations | |
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| Simple sentences and propositions | |
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| Arguments and semantic roles | |
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| Grammatical Relations | |
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| Adjuncts vs. arguments | |
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| "Indirect objects" and secondary objects | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Lexical entries and well-formed clauses | |
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| Lexical entries | |
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| Argument structure and subcategorization | |
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| Properties of a well-formed clause | |
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| Uniqueness of oblique arguments | |
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| Zero-anaphora ("pro-drop") | |
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| Further notes on English Phrase Structure | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Noun Phrases | |
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| Complements and adjuncts of N | |
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| Determiners | |
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| Adjectives and Adjective Phrases (AP) | |
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| Possession and recursion | |
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| English NP structure (continued) | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Practice exercise | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Case and agreement | |
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| Case | |
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| Agreement | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Noun classes and pronouns | |
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| Noun classes and gender | |
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| Pronouns | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Tense, Aspect, and Modality | |
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| Tense | |
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| Aspect | |
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| Perfect vs. perfective | |
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| Combinations of tense and aspect | |
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| Mood | |
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| Modality | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Non-verbal predicates | |
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| Basic clause patterns with and without the copula | |
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| Existential and possessive clauses | |
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| Cross-linguistic patterns | |
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| A note on "impersonal constructions" | |
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| Further notes on the predicate complement (XCOMP) relation | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Special sentence types | |
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| Direct vs. indirect speech acts | |
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| Basic word order | |
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| Commands (imperative sentences) | |
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| Questions (interrogative sentences) | |
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| Negation | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Practice exercise | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Subordinate clauses | |
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| Coordinate vs. subordinate clauses | |
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| Complement clauses | |
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| Direct vs. indirect speech | |
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| Adjunct (or Adverbial) clauses | |
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| Relative clauses | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Practice exercise | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Derivational morphology | |
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| Stems, roots, and compounds | |
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| Criteria for distinguishing inflection vs. derivation | |
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| Examples of derivational processes | |
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| Word structure revisited | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Practice exercise | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Valence-changing morphology | |
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| Meaning-preserving alternations | |
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| Meaning-changing alternations | |
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| Incorporation | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Practice exercises | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Allomorphy | |
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| Suppletion | |
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| Morphophonemic changes | |
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| Rules for suppletive allomorphy | |
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| Inflectional classes | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Practice exercises | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Non-linear morphology | |
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| Non-linear sequencing of affixes | |
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| Modifications of phonological features | |
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| Copying, deleting, re-ordering, etc. | |
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| Inflectional rules | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Clitics | |
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| What is a "word?" | |
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| Types of clitics | |
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| Clitic pronouns or agreement? | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Practice exercise | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Swahili data for grammar sketch | |
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| Glossary | |
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| References | |
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| Language index | |