| |
| |
| Dedication Page (Santa Aguila Foundation) | |
| |
| |
| Preface | |
| |
| |
| (Acknowledgments) | |
| |
| |
| List Of Illustrations | |
| |
| |
| List Of Tables | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Global Character Of Beaches | |
| |
| |
| |
| A World Of Beaches | |
| |
| |
| Beaches: Crossroads of History | |
| |
| |
| Beaches: Avenues of Commerce | |
| |
| |
| Beaches: Nature's Most Dynamic Environment | |
| |
| |
| Beaches: Varied Materials | |
| |
| |
| Beaches: Obstacle Courses | |
| |
| |
| Beaches: To Be or Not To Be | |
| |
| |
| Beaches: Comber's Delight or Nature's Trash Collector? | |
| |
| |
| Beaches: A Natural Laboratory | |
| |
| |
| |
| Beaches Of The World | |
| |
| |
| What is a Beach? | |
| |
| |
| Recipe for Making a Beach | |
| |
| |
| Classification of Coasts and Beaches | |
| |
| |
| Classifications and a Global Model | |
| |
| |
| Beach Sediments and the Plate Tectonic Setting | |
| |
| |
| Beaches as Landforms | |
| |
| |
| Climate and Types of Coasts | |
| |
| |
| We Stand on Their Shoulders | |
| |
| |
| |
| Of What Are Beaches Made: Sediments | |
| |
| |
| Beach Sediments | |
| |
| |
| Grain Size, Sorting and Shape | |
| |
| |
| Grain Composition | |
| |
| |
| Terrigenous Sediments | |
| |
| |
| Heavy Minerals | |
| |
| |
| Carbonate Sediments | |
| |
| |
| Other Beach Materials | |
| |
| |
| |
| How Beaches Work: Waves, Currents, Tides And Wind | |
| |
| |
| The Most Dynamic Place on Earth | |
| |
| |
| Waves | |
| |
| |
| Wave Energy | |
| |
| |
| Wave Types | |
| |
| |
| Breakers | |
| |
| |
| Wave Refraction, Diffraction and Reflection | |
| |
| |
| Currents (Alongshore; Onshore; Offshore) | |
| |
| |
| Wave-Current-Sediment Interaction | |
| |
| |
| Tsunamis | |
| |
| |
| Tides | |
| |
| |
| Tides and Beach Groundwater | |
| |
| |
| Other Water Level Changes | |
| |
| |
| Surges | |
| |
| |
| El Ni�o | |
| |
| |
| Wind | |
| |
| |
| The Global Picture | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Form Of The Beach: Crabs-Eye And Birds-Eye Views | |
| |
| |
| Beach Profiles: The Crab's Eye View | |
| |
| |
| Profile Changes | |
| |
| |
| Beach Plans: The Bird's Eye View | |
| |
| |
| Berms and Cusps | |
| |
| |
| Washover Fans | |
| |
| |
| Offshore Bars | |
| |
| |
| |
| How To Read A Beach | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Beach Surface Up-Close: Imprints Of Tides, Currents, And Waves | |
| |
| |
| Near-Shore, Beach, and Tidal Flat Features | |
| |
| |
| Ripple Marks | |
| |
| |
| Modified Ripple Marks | |
| |
| |
| Swash and Backwash Features | |
| |
| |
| Other Surface Features | |
| |
| |
| |
| Escape From Within: Air And Water In The Beach | |
| |
| |
| Knee Deep in Sand: Airy Beaches | |
| |
| |
| Air Escape Structures | |
| |
| |
| Watery Beaches and Water Escape Structures | |
| |
| |
| |
| Which Ever Way The Wind Blows: Reworking The Beach Surface | |
| |
| |
| Wind on Wet Sand and Mud | |
| |
| |
| Wet-to-Dry Transition Structures | |
| |
| |
| Wind on Dry Sediment | |
| |
| |
| Dunes and Dune Structures | |
| |
| |
| Dune Plants: Surviving in a Desert | |
| |
| |
| |
| Beach Creatures: Tracks, Trails, And Traces | |
| |
| |
| Beach Animals from Micro to Macro | |
| |
| |
| Macrofaunal Clues | |
| |
| |
| Molluscs (clams and snails) | |
| |
| |
| Crustaceans | |
| |
| |
| Chelicerata | |
| |
| |
| Polychaetes | |
| |
| |
| Other Invertebrate Animals | |
| |
| |
| Vetebrates | |
| |
| |
| Evidence of the Habitat Role of Animals | |
| |
| |
| |
| Carbonate Beaches: Sea Shells And The Stories They Tell | |
| |
| |
| Carbonate Shells, Skeletons, and Secretions | |
| |
| |
| Other Carbonate Sediments | |
| |
| |
| Non-Calcareous Plant and Animal Remains | |
| |
| |
| Shell Abundance | |
| |
| |
| Where do Seashells Come From? | |
| |
| |
| The Significance of Broken Seashells | |
| |
| |
| Shell Rounding | |
| |
| |
| Orientation of Shells on the Beach | |
| |
| |
| Secondary Shell Color | |
| |
| |
| Shell Collecting: An Environmental Afterthought | |
| |
| |
| |
| Digging The Beach: Into The Third Dimension | |
| |
| |
| Bedding | |
| |
| |
| Black Sands and Cross Bedding | |
| |
| |
| Burrows and Bioturbation | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Global Threat To Beaches | |
| |
| |
| |
| Beaches And People | |
| |
| |
| Coastal Engineering | |
| |
| |
| Hard Stabilization | |
| |
| |
| Soft Stabilization | |
| |
| |
| Other Damaging Activities | |
| |
| |
| Water Pollution | |
| |
| |
| Oil Spills | |
| |
| |
| The Environmental Truths About Beaches | |
| |
| |
| |
| Epilogue | |
| |
| |
| The Urbanized Beach: From Middens to the Maelstrom of Development | |
| |
| |
| Glossary | |
| |
| |
| References | |