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Guide to Visual Design | |
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Preface | |
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Writing and Reading | |
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Introduction: The Call to Write | |
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Identifying and Responding to the Call to Write | |
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Reflecting on Your Writing | |
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What Is Writing? | |
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Analyzing Literacy Events | |
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Writing in Everyday Life | |
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Lists | |
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Keeping a Literacy Log | |
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Writing in the Workplace | |
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FEMA and Katrina | |
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Memo to a Thief | |
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Writing in the Public Sphere | |
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Ethics of Writing: Graffiti | |
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Gallery of Signs | |
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Writing in School | |
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High School Research Paper | |
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College Response Paper | |
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Analyzing a Literacy Event | |
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"Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass" | |
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"One Writer's Beginnings" | |
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"Just Girls: Hidden Literacies and Life in Junior High" | |
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Writing Assignment: Analyzing a Literacy Event | |
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Understanding The Rhetorical Situation: The Choices Writers Make | |
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The Rhetorical Situation Writer's Orientation Audience Genre | |
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ACORN Katrina Survivors Association | |
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Case Study: The Somali Pirates | |
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Strategies for Reading First Questions to Ask of Readings | |
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Doing a Close Reading | |
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Underlining | |
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Annotation | |
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"Kill the Pirates" | |
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Summary | |
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Sample Summary of "Kill the Pirates" Describing the Writer's Strategy | |
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Sample Description of a Writer's Strategy | |
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Writing Strategies | |
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Exercise: Doing a Close Reading | |
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"You Are Being Lied to About Pirates" | |
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Ethics of Reading: Boredom and Persistence | |
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Analyzing the Rhetorical Situation: The Somali Pirates Writer's Orientation Audience | |
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Genre | |
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Checklist: Analyzing the Writer's Language | |
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Tone | |
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Denotation/Connotation | |
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Figures of Speech | |
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Stereotypes | |
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Analysis of a Rhetorical Situation | |
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"My Culture at the Crossroads" | |
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Sample Analysis | |
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Writing Assignment: Analyzing the Rhetorical Situation | |
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Persuasion And Responsibility: Analyzing Arguments | |
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Working Together: Successful Persuasion | |
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Understanding Argument | |
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What Is Argument? | |
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Dealing with Reasonable Differences | |
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Ethics of Writing: The Writer's Responsibility | |
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Exchange of Letters | |
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What Do Readers Expect from Arguments? | |
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Sample Argument | |
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"Roadside Memorials" | |
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Entering a Controversy | |
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Analyzing Issues | |
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Types of Issues | |
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Issues of Substantiation | |
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Issues of Evaluation | |
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Issues of Policy | |
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Sample Exploration of a Controversy | |
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Taking a Position: From Issues to Claims | |
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Developing a Persuasive Position | |
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What Are the Rhetorical Appeals? | |
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Analysis of Persuasive Appeals | |
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"The Ballot or the Bullet" Ethos | |
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Pathos | |
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Logos | |
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Constructing an Appropriate Rhetorical Stance | |
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Sample Letters of Application | |
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Working Together: Rhetorical Stance | |
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Making an Argument | |
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What Are the Parts of an Argument? | |
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Claims, Evidence, and Enabling Assumptions | |
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Sample Evaluations | |
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Claims | |
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Evidence | |
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Questions to Ask About Evidence | |
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Enabling Assumptions | |
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Sample Interviews. | |
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Working Together: Analyzing Claims, Evidence, and Enabling Assumptions | |
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Differing Views 81 | |
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Summarize Differing Views Fairly and Accurately | |
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Refuting Differing Views | |
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Conceding Differing Views | |
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Negotiating Differing Views | |
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Qualifiers | |
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Negotiating Differences | |
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Beyond Pro and Con | |
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Dialogue with Others | |
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An Electronic Exchange of Views | |
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Recognizing Ambiguities and Contradictions | |
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"Abortion Is Too Complex To Feel All One Way About" | |
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Locating Common Ground | |
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Call for a Moratorium on Executions | |
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Rhetorical Analysis of an Argument | |
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Sample Analysis of the Argument in "Call for a Moratorium on Executions" | |
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Writing Assignment: Analyzing an Argument | |
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Writing Projects | |
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Introduction: Genres of Writing | |
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Writing and Genre Knowledge | |
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Letters | |
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Thinking About the Genre | |
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Readings | |
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Open Letter | |
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Meth Science Not Stigma: Open Letter to the Media | |
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Letters to the Editor | |
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"Commit a Crime, Suffer the Consequences" | |
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Letter from Kristin Tardiff | |
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Letter from John N. Taylor Text Messages | |
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"The Pleasures of the Text" | |
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Letter of Appeal | |
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Doctors Without Borders/Medecins Sans Fronti?res (MSF) | |
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Report: DRC: Treating Victims of War | |
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Letter as Essay | |
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"My Dungeon Shook: Letter to My Nephew" | |
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Ethics of Writing: Using the Internet | |
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Further Exploration: Letters | |
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Rhetorical Analysis | |
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Genre Awareness | |
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Writing Assignment: Letters | |
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Invention | |
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Identifying the Call to Write | |
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Understanding Your Readers | |
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Background Research: Finding Models | |
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Planning | |
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Establishing the Occasion | |
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Arranging Your Material | |
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Working Draft | |
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Beginnings and Endings: Using an Echo Effect | |
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Using Topic Sentences | |
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Peer Commentary | |
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Revising | |
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Strengthening Topic Sentences for Focus and Transition | |
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Writers' Workshop | |
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Michael Brody, Letter to the Editor | |
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Michael Brody's Commentary | |
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Reflecting on Your Writing | |
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Memoirs | |
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Thinking About the Genre | |
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Writing from Experience | |
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Readings | |
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An American Childhood | |
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"Fortunate Son" | |
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"Teenage Angst in Texas" | |
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Audio Memoirs | |
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Story Corps Graphic Memoirs | |
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Persepolis | |
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"In the Shadow of No Towers" | |
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"The Ninth Letter of the Alphabet: First-Person Strategies in Nonfiction" | |
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Ethics of Writing: Bearing Witness | |
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Further Exploration: Memoirs Rhetorical Analysis Genre Awareness | |
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Writing Assignment: Memoirs | |
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Invention | |
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Past and Present Perspectives | |
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Background Research: Putting Events in Context | |
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Planning | |
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Arranging Your Material | |
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Selecting Details | |
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Working Draft | |
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Beginnings and Endings: Framing Your Memoir | |
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Peer Commentary | |
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Revising | |
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From Telling to Showing | |
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Writers' Workshop | |
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Jennifer Plante's Commentary | |
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Jennifer Plante, Sunday Afternoons | |
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Reflecting on Your Writing | |
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Public Documents | |
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Thinking About the Genre | |
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Writing from Experience | |
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Readings | |
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Manifestos | |
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Declaration of Independence. | |
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First Things First 2000 | |
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Encounters with Public Documents | |
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My Own Country | |
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The Struggle and the Tools | |
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Petitions | |
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Amnesty International, Call on Kenya to Ease the Suffering of Nairobi's 2 Million Slum Dwellers | |
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"Stimulate the Economy--Forgive Student Loans" | |
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"Tiger Woods--Stand Up for Equality--Augusta National Golf Club" | |
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Mission Statements | |
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NRA Foundation | |
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PEN Center USA | |
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The Hiphop Archive | |
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Advocacy Campaign | |
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Greenpeace, Kleercut Campaign | |
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Further Exploration: Public Documents | |
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Genre Awareness | |
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Writing Assignment: Public Documents | |
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Invention | |
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Clarifying Purpose, Audience, and Genre | |
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Background Research: Understanding the Rhetorical Situation | |
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Planning | |
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Readability and the Visual Design of Public Documents | |
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Working Draft | |
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Tone and Rhetorical Distance | |
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Peer Commentary | |
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For the Design and Production of a Document | |
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For Analysis of a Document | |
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Revising | |
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Locating Common Ground | |
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Writers' Workshop | |
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The Warehouse State Honor Code | |
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Reflecting on Your Writing | |
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Profiles | |
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Thinking About the Genre | |
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Writing from Experience | |
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Readings | |
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"Insurgent Images: Mike Alewitz, Muralist" | |
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Profiles and Publicity | |
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Poster | |
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Iwaskai Library, Emerson College | |
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Phonak Ad | |
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Profile of a Community Organization | |
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"An Empire for Poor Working Women, Guided by a Gandhian Approach" | |
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Photo Essay | |
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"Cancer Alley: The Poisoning of the American South" Soundmap | |
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"Folk Songs for the Five Points" | |
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Interview | |
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"A Conversation with Pauline Weissner: Where Gifts and Stories Are Crucial to Survival" | |
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Ethics of Writing: Responsibility to the Writer's Subject | |
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Further Exploration: Profiles | |
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Rhetorical Analysis | |
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Genre Awareness | |
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Writing Assignment: Profile | |
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Invention | |
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Finding a Subject | |
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Clarifying Your Purpose | |
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Background Research: Deciding What Information You Need | |
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Planning | |
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Deciding on the Dominant Impression | |
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Arranging Your Material | |
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Working Draft | |
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Beginnings and Endings: Letting Your Subject Have the Last Word | |
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Peer Commentary | |
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Revising | |
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Establishing Perspective from the Beginning | |
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Writers' Workshop | |
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"A Lawyer's Crusade Against Tobacco" [Working Draft] | |
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Richard Quitadamo's Commentary | |
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Reflecting on Your Writing | |
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Reports | |
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Thinking About the Genre | |
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Writing from Experience | |
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Readings | |
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News Reports | |
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Associated Press, "Mentally Ill People Aren't More Violent, Study Finds" | |
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"Studies of Mental Illness Show Links to Violence" | |
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Fact Sheets | |
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The Sentencing Project, "Facts About Prisons and Prisoners" | |
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National Report | |
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Pew Hispanic Center | |
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Executive Summary | |
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A Portrait of Unauthorized Immigrants | |
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"Warmer, Fuzzier: The Refreshed Logo" | |
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An Informational Web Site Kheel Center for Labor-Management Documentation and Archives, Cornell University, "The Triangle Factory Fire" | |
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Scholarly and Popular Articles | |
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"Uncertainty and the Use of Magic" | |
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"Can a Lucky Charm Get You Through Organic Chemistry?" | |
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Further Exploration: Reports | |
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Rhetorical Analysis | |
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Genre Awareness | |
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Writing Assignment: Report | |
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Invention | |
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Clarifying Your Purpose and Your Readers' Need to Know | |
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Background Research: Surveying the Information at Hand | |
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Planning Organizing the Information | |
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Drafting Introducing the Topic | |
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Peer Commentary | |
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Revising Getting the Right Order | |
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Writers' Workshop | |
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"Lost in a Smog"--Draft in Progress | |
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Reflecting on Your Writing | |
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Commentary | |
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Thinking About the Genre | |
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Writing from Experience | |
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Readings | |
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"Remember When Public Spaces Didn't Carry Brand Names?" | |
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"How to Fight the New Epidemics" | |
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Spoof Ads | |
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Adbusters | |
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Blogs | |
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"Portraits of Thinking: An Account of a Common Laborer" | |
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Art as Social Commentary | |
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"Ethics of Writing: In Whose Interest?" | |
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Further Exploration: Commentary | |
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Rhetorical Analysis | |
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Genre Awareness | |
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Writing Assignment: Commentary | |
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Invention | |
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Naming the Topic | |
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Background Research: Assessing Your Knowledge of the Topic | |
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Identifying the Issue | |
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Planning | |
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Framing the Issue | |
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Planning the Introduction | |
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Planning the Ending | |
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Working Draft | |
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Emphasizing Your Main Point and Distinguishing Your Perspective | |
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Peer Commentary | |
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Revising | |
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Maintaining a Reasonable Tone | |
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Writer's Workshop | |
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Rachel Smith, First Draft | |
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Rachel Smith, Revised Version: Socially Acceptable Discrimination? | |
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Interview with Rachel Smith | |
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Reflecting on Your Writing | |
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Proposals | |
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Thinking About the Genre | |
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Writing from Experience | |
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Readings | |
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"Workers Without Borders" | |
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Visualizing the Debate | |
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About Undocumented Immigrants | |
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Federation for American Immigration | |
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Reform Movement for an Unconditional Amnesty | |
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Community Group Proposal | |
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The Be Green Neighborhood Association, "Proposal for a Neighborhood Street Tree Program" | |
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Research Proposal | |
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"Training Fighters, Making Men: A Study of Amateur Boxers and Their Trainers" | |
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"Beware the Manipulation of the Funk" | |
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Ethics of Writing: Problems and Conflicts | |
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Further Exploration: Proposals | |
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Rhetorical Analysis | |
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Genre Awareness | |
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Writing Assignment: Proposals | |
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Invention | |
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Background Research: Formulating the Problem | |
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Assessing Alternatives | |
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Planning | |
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Relative Emphasis on the Problem and the Solution | |
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Developing a Working Outline | |
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Working Draft | |
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Matching Problems and Solutions | |
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Peer Commentary | |
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Revising | |
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Writers' Workshop | |
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Proposal for a Campus Coffee House | |
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Writers' Commentary | |
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Reflecting on Your Writing | |
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Reviews | |
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Thinking About the Genre | |
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Writing from Experience | |
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Readings | |
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Reviews | |
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"The Queen: Beyonce, At Last" | |
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Notice Reviews | |
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Christian Hoard | |
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"Beyonce, I Am ? Sasha Fierce" | |
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"Orphan's Life Out of Hell Could Be a Game Show in Mumbai" | |
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Travel Guides | |
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"DK Eyewitness Top 10 Travel Guides: San Francisco" | |
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"Slum Visits: Tourism or Voyeurism?" | |
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Ethics of Writing: Reviewing as a Partisan Activity | |
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Further Exploration: Reviews | |
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Rhetorical Analysis | |
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Genre Awareness | |
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Writing Assignment: Reviews | |
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Invention | |
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Exploring Your Topic | |
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Establishing Criteria of Evaluation | |
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Assessing Your Criteria | |
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Planning | |
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Considering the Relation Between Description and Evaluation | |
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Using Comparison and Contrast | |
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Working Draft | |
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Distinguishing Your Views | |
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Peer Commentary | |
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Revising | |
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Options for Meaningful Endings | |
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Writers' Workshop | |
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"More Than Just Burnouts" [Working Draft] | |
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Reflecting on Your Writing | |
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WRITING AND RESEARCH PROJECTS | |
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Introduction: Doing Research and the Need to Know | |
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The Research Process: Critical Essays And Research Projects | |
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Understanding the Genre: Critical Essays and Research Projects | |
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What Are Faculty Looking For? | |
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Understanding Academic Writing | |
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Sample Student Papers for Analysis | |
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Sample Critical Essay in MLA Format | |
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"Jigsaw Falling Into Place?: Radiohead and the Tip-Jar Model" | |
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Sample Research Paper in APA Format | |
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"The Prison Privatization Debate: The Need for a New Focus" | |
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The Research Process: An Overview | |
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Defining a Research Question | |
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Analyzing the Assignment | |
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Preliminary Research | |
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Developing a Research Question | |
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Writing a Proposal | |
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Finding Sources | |
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The Web and the Library: What They Offer Research Projects | |
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What the Web Is Good For | |
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What the Library Is Good For | |
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How to Identify Relevant Sources | |
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Keeping a Working Bibliography | |
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Evaluating Sources | |
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Making an Argument | |
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Planning and Drafting Your Project | |
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A Closing Note | |
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Working With Sources | |
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Working with Sources to Answer Your Research Question | |
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What Is Plagiarism? | |
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Avoiding Plagiarism: How to Cite Properly | |
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What Do I Have to Cite? | |
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Problem 1: Copying and Failing to Cite Properly | |
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Problem 2: Copying Sentence Structure and Failing to Cite Properly | |
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Options for Integrating Sources | |
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Short Quotations | |
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Words | |
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Phrases | |
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Sentences | |
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Long Quotations | |
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Fitting Quotations to Your Sentences | |
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Ellipses | |
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Brackets | |
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Quotations Within Quotations | |
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Checklist for Using Quotes Effectively | |
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Do You Need the Quote? | |
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Is It Clear Where Sources Start and Stop? | |
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Are Sources Used Purposefully or Just Strung Together? | |
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Do You Provide Commentary Where It Is Needed? | |
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Documenting Sources: MLA and APA Style | |
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In-text Citations | |
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Sources with One Author | |
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Sources with Multiple Authors | |
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Sources with No Author Listed | |
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Electronic Sources | |
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Indirect Quotations | |
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Works Cited (MLA) and References (APA) | |
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Books | |
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Two Listings by One Author | |
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Books with Multiple Authors | |
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Books by a Corporate Author or Organization | |
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Books by an Anonymous Author | |
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An Edition of an Original Work | |
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An Introduction, Preface, Foreword, or Afterword | |
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Edited Collections | |
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Works in Collections and Anthologies | |
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Translations | |
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Books in a Later Edition | |
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Dictionary Entries and Encyclopedia Articles | |
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Government Documents | |
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Unpublished Doctoral Dissertations | |
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Articles in Periodicals | |
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Magazine Articles | |
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Newspaper Articles | |
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Editorial | |
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Review | |
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Letter to the Editor | |
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Online and Electronic Sources | |
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Web Sites | |
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Web Sites: Secondary Pages | |
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Online Books and Reports | |
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Online Scholarly Articles | |
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Online Magazine or Newspaper Articles | |
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Sources Accessed Through Online Subscription Service | |
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Online Posting to Electronic Forum | |
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Email | |
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Miscellaneous Sources | |
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Films and Videocassettes | |
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Television and Radio Programs | |
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Records, Tapes, and CDs | |
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Interviews | |
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Lecture or Speech | |
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A Guide To Print, Electronic, And Other Sources | |
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Types of Print Sources | |
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Books | |
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Periodicals The Library The Library Catalog Reference Books Electronic Resources | |
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Electronic Databases | |
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Search Engines | |
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How to Use Keywords | |
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Government Publications | |
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Other Sources | |
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Performances and Events | |
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Museums | |
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Media | |
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Fieldwork And The Research Report | |
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Ethics of Research: Informed Consent | |
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Understanding the Genre: Research Reports | |
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"Food Sources in South Providence" | |
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Designing a Field Research Project | |
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Writing a Proposal | |
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Observation | |
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The Process of Observation | |
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Planning | |
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Three Consideration to Take into Account When You Do Observations | |
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Conducting Observations | |
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Analyzing Your Notes | |
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Interviews | |
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The Interview Process | |
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Planning | |
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Four Types of Interviews | |
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Setting Up the Interview | |
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Conducting an In-person or Telephone Interview | |
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After the Interview | |
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Analyzing the Transcript | |
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A Final Note on Interviews | |
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Surveys | |
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The Process of Designing and Conducting a Survey | |
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Getting Background Information | |
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Selecting Participants | |
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Ethics of Research | |
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Designing the Questionnaire | |
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Types of Questions | |
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Conducting the Survey | |
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Compiling, Analyzing, and Presenting Results | |
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Writers at Work | |
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Introduction: Understanding the Writing Process | |
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Reflecting on Your Writing | |
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The Writing Process: A Case Study Of A Writing Assignment | |
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Case Study of a Writing Assignment | |
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Invention | |
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Understanding the Call to Write | |
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Understanding Readers | |
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Exploring the Topic | |
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Planning | |
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Drafting | |
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Peer Commentary | |
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Describe the Writer's Strategy | |
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Analyze the Organization | |
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Evaluate the Argument | |
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Revising | |
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Final Touches | |
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Directions for Editing | |
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Directions for Proofreading | |
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Talking to Teachers | |
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Going to the Writing Center | |
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The Shape Of The Essay: How Form Embodies Purpose | |
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Thinking About Form | |
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Three Patterns of Organization | |
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Top-down Order | |
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"I Shop, Ergo I Am: The Mall as Society's Mirror" | |
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Culminating Order | |
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"Minneapolis Pornography Ordinance" | |
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Open Form | |
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"Los Angeles Notebook" | |
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Seeing Patterns of Organization: How Form Embodies Purpose | |
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Top-down Order | |
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Culminating Order | |
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Open Form | |
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A Note on Mixed Form | |
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Putting the Parts Together | |
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Introductions | |
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Endings | |
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Connecting the Parts: Keeping Your Purposes Visible | |
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Use Reasons to Explain | |
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"Building the Third Wave" | |
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Create Topic Chains | |
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Use Transitions | |
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Common Types of Transitions | |
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Designing Paragraphs | |
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Seeing Paragraphs: The Visual Dimension | |
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Unity and Coherence: The Psychological Dimension | |
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Topic Sentences and Unity | |
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Discussion and Unity and Coherence | |
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A Note on the Placement of Topic Sentences | |
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Working Together: Collaborative Writing Projects | |
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Collaborative Writing | |
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Working Together: Exploring Experience | |
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Guidelines for Collaborating in Groups | |
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Recognize That Group Members Need to Get Acquainted and That Groups Take Time to Form | |
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Clarify Group Purposes and Individual Roles | |
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Recognize That Members Bring Different Styles to the Group | |
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Recognize That You May Not Play the Same Role in Every Group | |
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Monitor Group Progress and Reassess Goals and Procedures | |
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Quickly Address Problems in Group Dynamics | |
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Encourage Differences of Opinion | |
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How to Work Together on Collaborative Writing Projects | |
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Organizing the Group | |
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Group Size | |
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Group Composition | |
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The First Meeting | |
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Division of Labor, or Integrated Team? | |
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Organizing the Project | |
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The Proposal | |
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Productive Meetings | |
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Progress Reports | |
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Confidential Self-Evaluation | |
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Drafting, Revising, and Editing | |
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Giving Credit | |
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Final Presentation | |
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Online Collaboration | |
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Reflecting on Your Writing | |
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PRESENTING YOUR WORK | |
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Introduction: Delivering the Message | |
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Visual Design | |
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How Visual Design Embodies Purposes | |
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Identification | |
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Information | |
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Textual Graphics | |
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Representational Graphics | |
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Numerical Graphics | |
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Ethics of Information Design: Data Distortion | |
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Persuasion A Note on Reading and Seeing | |
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Visual Design: Four Basic Principles | |
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Use the Four Principles to Redesign Documents Redesigning a Resume | |
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Redesigning a Flyer | |
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Working with Type | |
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Serif and Sans serif Typefaces | |
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Display Typefaces | |
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Mixing Typefaces | |
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Visual Design Projects | |
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Preliminary Considerations | |
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Working Sketches | |
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Flyers | |
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Newsletters | |
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Brochures | |
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Web Design | |
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The Rhetorical Purposes of Web Design | |
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Identification | |
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Information | |
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Persuasion | |
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The Structure of Web Design | |
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The Visual Design of Web Sites | |
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Writing Assignment: Planning a Web Site | |
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Reflecting on Your Writing | |
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Oral And Powerpoint Presentations | |
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Understanding the Differences Between Written and Oral Presentations | |
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Developing an Oral Presentation | |
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Preliminary Considerations | |
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Planning the Oral Presentation | |
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Designing PowerPoint Slides | |
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Designing Visuals | |
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Using Visual Aids in a Presentation | |
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Rehearsing Your Presentation | |
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Guidelines for Evaluating Oral Presentations | |
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Further Thoughts on PowerPoint | |
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"PowerPoint Is Evil" | |
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"PowerPoint Do's and Don'ts" | |
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Essay Exams | |
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Analyzing Essay Exams | |
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Surveying the Format | |
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Analyzing Exam Questions | |
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Identification Items (IDs) | |
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Short-Answer Questions | |
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Essay Questions | |
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Common Essay Exam Questions | |
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Planning Your Answer | |
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Writing a Good Answer | |
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Sample Essay Answers | |
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Writing Portfolios | |
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Some Options for a Writing Portfolio | |
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A Reflective Letter | |
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Jennifer Principe, Sample Reflective Letter | |
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Revised Writing Assignments | |
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A Case Study | |
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Introduction, "Putting the Life Back into Premedical Education" [Working Draft, Peer Commentary, and Final Draft] | |
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Peer Commentary | |
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"Putting the Life Back into Premedical Education" [Final Draft] | |
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Peer Commentary | |
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Margaret King, Sample Introduction to Peer Commentary Commentary on Collaborative Writing | |
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David Sanchez, Sample Introduction to Collaborative Writing | |
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Samples of Exploratory Writing | |
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John Hogan, Sample Introduction to Exploratory Writing | |
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Miscellaneous | |
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Credits | |
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Index | |