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Preface | |
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Social Welfare: Its Business, History, and Future | |
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Goal of Social Welfare | |
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Social Welfare as an Institution and as a Discipline | |
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Social Welfare's Relationship to Sociology and to Other Academic Disciplines | |
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Social Welfare's Relationship to Social Work | |
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Social Welfare's Relationship to Other Institutions | |
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Social Welfare's Relationship to Human Services | |
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Residual View versus Institutional View of Social Welfare | |
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Liberalism versus Conservatism | |
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Developmental View of Social Welfare | |
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History of Social Welfare | |
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Early European History | |
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The Elizabethan Poor Law | |
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The Industrial Revolution | |
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Turn of the 20th Century | |
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The Great Depression and the Social Security Act | |
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The Great Society and War on Poverty | |
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Conservatism in the 1970s and 1980s | |
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A Move toward Liberalism-and Back-in the 1990s | |
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The Devolution Revolution | |
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Compassionate Conservatism | |
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Barack Obama-Will Change Come? | |
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Where Do We Stand Today? | |
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The Future | |
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Dramatic Changes Foreseen in the American Family | |
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Biomedical Technology | |
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New Family Forms | |
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Concluding Comments | |
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Summary | |
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Social Work as a Profession and a Career | |
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A Brief History of Social Work | |
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A Multiskilled Profession | |
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A Problem-Solving Approach | |
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Generalist Social Work Practice | |
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Micro-, Mezzo-, and Macropractice | |
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Social Casework | |
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Case Management | |
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Group Work | |
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Group Therapy | |
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Family Therapy | |
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Community Organization | |
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Administration | |
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A Medical versus a Systems Model of Human Behavior | |
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An Ecological Model of Human Behavior | |
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Goals of Social Work Practice | |
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Enhance the Problem-Solving, Coping, and Developmental Capacities of People | |
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Link People with Systems That Provide Them with Resources, Services, and Opportunities | |
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Promote the Effectiveness and Humane Operation of Systems That Provide People with Resources and Services | |
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Develop and Improve Social Policy | |
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Promote Human and Community Well-Being | |
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The Strengths Perspective and Empowerment | |
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Social Work Stereotypes | |
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Employment Settings and Opportunities in Social Work | |
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Private Practice of Social Work | |
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International Social Work | |
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Self-Awareness and Identity Development | |
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Identity Formation | |
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Questions for Arriving at a Sense of Identity | |
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Summary | |
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Generalist Social Work Practice | |
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Generalist Social Work Practice Defined | |
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The Change Process | |
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Educational Policy 2.1.10(a)-Engagement | |
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Educational Policy 2.1.10(b)-Assessment | |
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Educational Policy 2.1.10(c)-Intervention | |
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Educational Policy 2.1.10(d)-Evaluation | |
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Engaging Clients in an Appropriate Working Relationship | |
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Identifying Issues, Problems, Needs, Resources, and Assets | |
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Collecting and Assessing Information | |
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Planning for Service Delivery | |
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Using Communication Skills, Supervision, and Consultation | |
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Identifying, Analyzing, and Implementing Empirically Based Interventions Designed to Achieve Client Goals | |
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Applying Empirical Knowledge and Technological Advances | |
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Evaluating Program Outcomes and Practice Effectiveness | |
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A Variety of Roles | |
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Enabler | |
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Broker | |
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Advocate | |
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Activist | |
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Mediator | |
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Negotiator | |
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Educator | |
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Initiator | |
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Empowerer | |
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Coordinator | |
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Researcher | |
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Group Facilitator | |
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Public Speaker | |
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Social Work with Individuals | |
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Social Work with Families | |
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Family Problems | |
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Satir's Family Therapy Approach | |
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Social Work with Groups | |
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Therapy Groups | |
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Social Work with Organizations | |
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Social Work with the Community | |
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A Brief History of Community Practice | |
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Models of Community Practice | |
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Knowledge, Skills, and Values for Social Work Practice | |
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Educational Policy 2.1-Core Competencies | |
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Educational Policy B2.2-Generalist Practice | |
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Educational Policy M2.2-Advanced Practice | |
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Educational Policy 2.3-Signature Pedagogy: Field Education | |
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Social Work Values | |
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Respect for the Dignity and Uniqueness of the Individual | |
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Clients' Right to Self-Determination | |
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Confidentiality | |
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Advocacy and Social Action for the Oppressed | |
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Accountability | |
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The Institutional Orientation | |
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Respect for the Spiritual and Religious Beliefs of Others | |
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Promoting Social and Economic Justice, and Safeguarding Human Rights | |
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Social Work Education | |
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Two-Year Associate Programs | |
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Undergraduate and Graduate Education | |
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Summary | |
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Social Problems and Social Services | |
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Poverty and Public Welfare | |
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The Problem | |
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A Brief History of Our Response to the Poor | |
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The Rich and the Poor | |
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Defining Poverty Is a Policy Problem | |
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Who Are the Poor? | |
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Causes of Poverty | |
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The Culture of Poverty | |
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Functions of Poverty | |
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Social Insurance Programs | |
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Old Age, Survivors, Disability, and Health Insurance (OASDHI) | |
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Medicare | |
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Unemployment Insurance | |
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Workers' Compensation Insurance | |
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Public Assistance Programs | |
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Supplemental Security Income (SSI) | |
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General Assistance | |
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Medicaid | |
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Food Stamps | |
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Housing Assistance | |
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Temporary Assistance to Needy Families | |
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Proposed Welfare Alternative Program: Family Allowance Program | |
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Social Work and Public Welfare | |
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Working with Discouraged People | |
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President Obama's Proposals to Combat Poverty | |
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Summary | |
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Emotional/Behavioral Problems and Counseling | |
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A Perspective on Emotional and Behavioral Problems | |
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Nature and Extent of Emotional and Behavioral Problems | |
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What Is Mental Illness? | |
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Medical Model | |
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Interactional Model | |
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Labeling as the Cause of Chronic ""Mental Illness"" | |
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Other Issues | |
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The Homeless | |
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Civil Rights | |
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Plea of Innocent by Reason of Insanity | |
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Use of Psychotropic Drugs | |
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Managed Mental Health Care | |
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Social Structure and Mental Illness | |
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Treatment | |
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Brief History | |
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Current Trends | |
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Treatment Facilities: Community Mental Health Centers | |
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Social Work and Mental Health | |
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Counseling | |
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How to Counsel | |
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Comprehensive and Specialized Counseling Approaches | |
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Changing Unwanted Emotions | |
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Meaningful Activity | |
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Changing Self-Talk | |
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Changing the Distressing Event | |
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Destructive Ways of Dealing with Unwanted Emotions | |
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Summary | |
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Family Problems and Services to Families | |
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Diverse Family Forms | |
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The American Family: Past and Present | |
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The Family in Preindustrial Society | |
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The Family in Industrial Society | |
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Problems in the Family | |
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Divorce | |
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Empty-Shell Marriages | |
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Violence in Families | |
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Sexual Abuse of Children | |
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Births Outside of Marriage | |
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Rape | |
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Summary | |
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Sexual Orientation and Services to GLBT Individuals | |
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Sex in History and in Other Cultures | |
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Formal Study of Sex | |
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Sigmund Freud | |
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Alfred Kinsey | |
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William Masters and Virginia Johnson | |
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Variances Rather Than Sexual Problems | |
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Sexual Orientation | |
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Some Definitions | |
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Myths and Facts about Gays and Lesbians | |
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Incidence of Homosexuality | |
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Causes of Sexual Orientation | |
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Life Experiences of Gays and Lesbians | |
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Current Issues for Gays and Lesbians | |
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A Brief Introduction to Transgenderism | |
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Social Work with GLBT Individuals | |
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Summary | |
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Drug Abuse and Drug Treatment Programs | |
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Drugs and Drug Abuse | |
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A Brief History of Our Drug-Taking Society | |
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Sociological Theories of Drug Abuse | |
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Anomie Theory | |
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Labeling Theory | |
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Differential Association | |
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Drug Subcultures | |
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Facts about and Effects of Commonly Used Drugs | |
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Depressants | |
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Stimulants | |
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Hallucinogens | |
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Tobacco | |
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Marijuana | |
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Anabolic Steroids | |
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Rehabilitation Programs | |
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Alcohol Treatment Programs | |
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Other Drug Treatment Programs | |
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Understanding and Treating Codependency | |
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Suggestions for Curbing Drug Abuse in the Future | |
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Educational Programs | |
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Prevention of Illegal Drug Trafficking across Borders | |
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Employee Drug-Testing Programs | |
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Stricter Laws and Enforcement | |
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Decriminalization of Drug Use | |
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Summary | |
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Crime, Juvenile Delinquency, and Correctional Services | |
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Nature and Extent of Crime | |
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What Is Crime? | |
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How Extensive Is Crime? | |
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Who Is Arrested? | |
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How Accurate Are Official Crime Statistics? | |
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Crime Causation Theories | |
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Early Theories | |
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Physical and Mental Trait Theories | |
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Psychological Theories | |
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Sociological Theories | |
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Usefulness of Theories | |
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Types of Crime | |
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Organized Crime | |
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White-Collar Crime | |
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Computer Crime | |
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Hate Crime | |
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Public-Order Crimes | |
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Sex Offenses | |
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Human Trafficking | |
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Homicide and Assault | |
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Theft | |
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Juvenile Delinquency | |
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The Criminal Justice System | |
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The Police | |
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The Courts | |
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Correctional Systems | |
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How to Reduce Crime and Delinquency | |
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Increasing or Decreasing Sentences | |
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Reforming the Correctional System | |
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Preventing Crime | |
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Social Work and the Criminal Justice System | |
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Role of Social Work | |
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Factors Influencing Treatment | |
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Summary | |
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Problems in Education and School Social Work | |
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Problematic Areas in Education | |
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The Question of Quality | |
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Equal Access to Quality Education | |
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Confusion about the Goals of Education | |
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Intolerable Working Conditions for Some Teachers | |
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Strategies to Improve Education | |
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Increase Incentives for Teachers | |
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Improve the Curriculum | |
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Allow Parental Choice of Schools | |
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Expand Preschool Programs | |
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Toward Equal Educational Opportunity | |
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Reform of School Financing | |
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Compensatory Education | |
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Effective Integration | |
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President Obama's Proposals to Improve Education | |
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School Social Workers: A Response to Crisis | |
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The Nature of Behavior | |
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Traditional School Social Work Roles | |
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Newer School Social Work Roles | |
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Summary | |
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Work-Related Problems and Social Work in the Workplace | |
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A Brief History of Work | |
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Trends in the American Workforce | |
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Increase in White-Collar Workers | |
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Emergence of an Employee Society | |
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Specialization | |
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Increase in Women in the Workforce | |
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Emphasis on Intrinsic Rewards | |
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Emphasis on High Technology | |
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The Growth of Low-Paying Jobs | |
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Outsourcing in a Global Factory | |
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Problems in the Work Setting | |
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Alienation | |
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Unemployment | |
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Occupational Health Hazards | |
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Social Work in the Workplace | |
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A Brief History | |
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The Status of Social Work in the Workplace | |
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Employee Assistance Programs | |
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Summary | |
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Racism, Ethnocentrism, and Strategies for Advancing Social and Economic Justice | |
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Ethnic Groups and Ethnocentrism | |
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Race and Racism | |
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Prejudice, Discrimination, and Oppression | |
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Racial and Ethnic Stereotypes | |
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Racial and Ethnic Discrimination | |
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Race as a Social Concept | |
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Institutional Racism and Institutional Discrimination | |
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Immigration Status | |
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White Privilege | |
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Causes of Racial Discrimination and Oppression | |
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The Effects and Costs of Discrimination and Oppression | |
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Stereotyping and Multiculturalism: A Perspective | |
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Background of Racial Groups | |
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African Americans | |
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Latinos | |
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Native Americans | |
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Asian Americans | |
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Strategies for Advancing Social and Economic Justice | |
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Mass Media Appeals | |
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Greater Interaction among the Races | |
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Civil Rights Laws | |
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Activism | |
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School Busing | |
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Affirmative Action Programs | |
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Confrontation of Racist and Ethnic Remarks and Actions | |
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Minority-Owned Businesses | |
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Grassroots Approaches to Improving Deteriorating Neighborhoods | |
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Ethnic-Sensitive Social Work Practice | |
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Empowerment | |
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Strengths Perspective | |
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Culturally Competent Practice | |
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The Future of American Race and Ethnic Relations | |
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Summary | |
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Sexism and Efforts for Achieving Equality | |
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History of Sex Roles and Sexism | |
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Sexual Harassment | |
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Traditional Sex-Role Expectations | |
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Is There a Biological Basis for Sexism? | |
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Sex-Role Socialization | |
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Consequences of Sexism | |
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Effects on Occupation and Income | |
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Effects on Human Interactions | |
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Maternal Wall | |
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Recent Developments and a Look to the Future | |
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President Obama's Proposals to Advance the Status of Women | |
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Sexism and Social Work | |
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Social Work's Response to Women's Issues | |
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The Feminist Perspective on Therapy | |
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Future Directions of the Women's Movement | |
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Summary | |
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Aging and Gerontological Services | |
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An Overview | |
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A ""Recently Discovered"" Minority Group | |
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A New View of Aging | |
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Definitions of Later Adulthood | |
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An Increasing Older Adult Population | |
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The ""Old Old"" - The Fastest-Growing Age Group | |
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Problems Faced by Older Adults | |
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Low Status | |
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Early Retirement | |
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Societal Emphasis on Youth | |
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Health Problems and Costs of Health Care | |
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Financial Problems | |
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Loss of Family and Friends | |
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Substandard Housing | |
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Transportation | |
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Crime Victimization | |
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Sexuality in Later Adulthood | |
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Malnutrition | |
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Depression and Other Emotional Problems | |
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Death | |
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Parent Abuse | |
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Current Services | |
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Older Americans Act of 1965 | |
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Nursing Homes | |
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Social Work and Older Adults | |
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The Emergence of Older Adults as a Powerful Political Force | |
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Development of Social Roles for Older Adults | |
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Preparation for Later Adulthood | |
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Summary | |
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Health Problems and Medical Social Services | |
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Physical Illnesses and the Health Care System | |
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Problems in Health Care | |
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Service Orientation versus Profit Orientation | |
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Emphasis on Treatment Rather Than on Prevention | |
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Unequal Access to Health Services | |
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Low-Quality Health Care for Older Adults | |
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AIDS | |
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Controversy over the Use of Life-Sustaining Equipment | |
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The High Cost of Medical Care | |
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Financing Medical Care | |
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Medicaid | |
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State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) | |
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Medicare | |
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Private Insurance | |
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Improving the Current System | |
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Holding Down Costs | |
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Preventive Medicine and Managed Care | |
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Additional Health Care Proposals | |
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Establishing a National Health Insurance Program in the United States | |
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President Obama's Proposals to Improve Health Care | |
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Medical Social Work | |
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Counseling the Terminally Ill | |
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Summary | |
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Physical and Mental Disabilities and Rehabilitation | |
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History of Rehabilitation Practices | |
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Developmental Disabilities | |
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Autism | |
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Cognitive Disability | |
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Society's Reactions to Disabilities | |
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Current Services | |
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Rehabilitation Centers | |
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Educational Programs | |
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Residential Programs | |
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Day-Care Centers | |
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Hospital Services | |
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Home Services | |
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Federal and State Assistance Programs | |
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Roles of Social Workers | |
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Counseling Clients | |
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Counseling Families | |
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Taking Social Histories | |
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Serving as Case Manager | |
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Serving as Liaison between the Family and the Agency | |
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Being a Broker | |
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Doing Discharge Planning | |
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Empowering Consumers of Services | |
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Summary | |
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Overpopulation, Misuse of the Environment, and Family Planning | |
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The Population Crisis | |
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Doubling Time and Population Growth | |
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Doubling Time and Developing Countries | |
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An Optimal Population Size | |
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Problems of Overpopulation | |
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The Theory of Demographic Transition | |
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Problem Attitudes and Values | |
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Two Countries with Severe Population Problems | |
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Environmental Problems | |
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Despoilment of the Land | |
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Waste Disposal | |
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Global Warming | |
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Air Pollution | |
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Radioactive Leaks from Nuclear Power Plants | |
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Nuclear War | |
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Water Pollution | |
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Acid Rain | |
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General Pollutants | |
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What Needs to Be Done | |
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Confronting Overpopulation | |
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The Abortion Controversy | |
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Providing Family Planning Services | |
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Confronting Environmental Problems | |
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Social Work and Family Planning | |
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Summary | |
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Epilogue | |
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Appendix | |
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Glossary | |
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Name Index | |
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Subject Index | |