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Writing in College | |
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Why Use a Handbook? | |
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The short answer | |
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To write strong academic essays | |
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To cite sources | |
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To see why correctness matters | |
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To find models of good papers | |
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Readers' Expectations | |
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A clear purpose and audience | |
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A conversation with sources and ideas | |
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Revised and polished writing | |
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A clear main idea | |
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Standard Written English | |
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Is Your Argument Convincing? | |
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Critical thinking | |
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A debatable claim (thesis) | |
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Reasons and evidence | |
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Areas of common ground | |
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Visuals | |
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A student's argument essay | |
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Presentation Makes a Difference | |
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In print | |
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Online | |
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Text (color, lists, headings) | |
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Photos and images | |
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Data (tables, graphs, charts) | |
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Oral presentations, multimedia, e-portfolios | |
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Research and Using Sources | |
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Searching for Information | |
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Source material and primary data | |
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Print and online sources | |
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Starting points | |
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Keyword searching | |
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Google | |
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Online alerts | |
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Recognizing a Scholarly Article | |
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Print articles | |
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Online articles | |
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Evaluating Sources | |
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Print sources | |
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Online sources | |
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Basic information on Web sites | |
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Writing Without Plagiarizing | |
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Avoiding Cheating | |
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Seven types of plagiarism | |
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Why, how, and what to cite | |
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Boundaries of a source citation | |
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Keeping track of sources | |
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Bibliographic software | |
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Using Source Material | |
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Organization with ideas, not sources | |
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The issue of I | |
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Summarizing and paraphrasing | |
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Quoting | |
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Integrating source citations | |
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Documenting Research Papers | |
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MLA Style | |
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At a Glance: Index of MLA Style | |
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Basic features | |
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Citing sources | |
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MLA list of works cited | |
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Print books (Source Shot 1) | |
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Print articles (Source Shot 2) | |
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Online databases (Source Shot 3) | |
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Web sources | |
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Visual, performance, multimedia, miscellaneous sources | |
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A student's research paper, MLA style | |
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APA Style | |
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At a Glance: Index of APA Style | |
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Basic features | |
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Citing sources | |
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List of references | |
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Print books and parts of books | |
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Print articles (Source Shot 4) | |
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Online sources (Source Shot 5) | |
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Visual, multimedia, miscellaneous sources | |
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A student's research paper, APA style | |
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Chicago Style | |
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At a Glance: Index of Chicago Style | |
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Basic features | |
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Citing sources | |
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Endnotes and footnotes | |
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Print books | |
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Print articles | |
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Online sources | |
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Visual, multimedia, miscellaneous sources | |
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Sample bibliography | |
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Samples from a student's research paper, Chicago style | |
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CSE Style | |
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At a Glance: Index of CSE Style Features | |
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Basic features | |
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Citing sources | |
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List of references | |
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Print books | |
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Print articles | |
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Online, multimedia, miscellaneous sources | |
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Samples from a student's research paper, CSE style | |
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The Five C's of Style | |
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Cut | |
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Wordiness | |
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Formulaic phrases | |
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References to your intentions | |
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Check for Action ("Who's Doing What?") | |
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"Who's doing what?" | |
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Sentences beginning with there or it | |
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Unnecessary passive voice | |
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Connect | |
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Consistent subjects | |
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Transitional words | |
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Variety in connecting ideas | |
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Commit | |
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Confident stance | |
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Consistent tone | |
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Choose Words Carefully | |
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Vivid and specific words | |
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Slang, regionalisms, and jargon | |
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Biased and exclusionary language | |
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Common Sentence Problems | |
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FAQs about Sentences | |
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Sentence Fragments | |
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What a sentence needs | |
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Turning fragments into sentences | |
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Beginning with and, but, or or | |
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Intentional fragments | |
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Run-ons or Comma Splices | |
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Identifying | |
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Correcting | |
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Sentence Snarls | |
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Mixed constructions, faulty comparisons, convoluted syntax | |
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Misplaced modifiers | |
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Dangling modifiers | |
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Shifts | |
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Logical sequence after the subject | |
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Parallel structures | |
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Is when and the reason is because | |
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Necessary and unnecessary words | |
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Using Verbs Correctly | |
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Verbs in Standard Written English | |
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Auxiliary verbs | |
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Verbs commonly confused | |
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Verb tenses | |
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-ed forms (past tense, past participle) | |
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Conditional sentences, wishes, requests, demands, recommendations | |
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Active and passive voices | |
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Subject-Verb Agreement | |
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Basic principles | |
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Words between subject and verb | |
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Subject following the verb | |
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Eight tricky subjects | |
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Collective nouns (family, etc.) | |
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Compound subjects (and, or, nor) | |
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Indefinite pronouns (anyone, etc.) | |
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Expressing quantity (much, etc.) | |
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Relative clauses (who, which, that ) | |
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Pronouns (I/me, who/whom, etc.) | |
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Which to use (I/me, he/him, etc.) | |
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Specific antecedent | |
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Agreeing with antecedents | |
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Using you | |
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Relative pronouns (who, whom, which, that) | |
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Adjectives and Adverbs (good/well, etc.) | |
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Forms | |
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When to use | |
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Hyphenated (compound) adjectives | |
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Double negatives | |
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Comparatives and superlatives | |
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Punctuation and Mechanics | |
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Punctuation Shows Intent | |
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Commas | |
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Apostrophes | |
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Quotation Marks | |
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Other Punctuation Marks | |
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Italics and Underlining | |
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Capitals, Abbreviations, and Numbers | |
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Hyphens | |
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Online Guidelines | |
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Writing Across Languages and Cultures | |
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Standard Written English | |
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Cultures and Englishes | |
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Spoken varieties and Standard Written English | |
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Nouns and Articles (a, an, the) | |
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Types of nouns | |
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Basic rules | |
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The for specific reference | |
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Four questions to ask about articles | |
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Infinitive, -ing, and -ed Forms | |
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Verb + infinitive | |
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Verb + -ing | |
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Preposition + -ing | |
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Verb + infinitive or -ing | |
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-ing or -ed adjectives | |
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Sentence Structure and Word Order | |
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Basic rules | |
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Direct and indirect objects | |
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Direct and indirect questions | |
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Although and because clauses | |
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Words To Watch For | |
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Glossary of Usage | |
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Index | |
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Editing Marks | |