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Preface | |
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Table Of Contents | |
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Contents in Brief | |
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Contents in Detail | |
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The Basics of Social Research | |
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An Introduction to Inquiry | |
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Human Inquiry and Science | |
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Paradigms, Theory, and Research | |
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The Idea of Causation in Social Research | |
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The Structuring of Inquiry | |
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Research Design | |
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Conceptualization, Operationalization, and Measurement | |
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Indexes, Scales, and Typologies | |
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The Logic of Sampling | |
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Modes of Observation: Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches | |
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The Ethical Dimension of Research | |
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Experiments | |
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Survey Research | |
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Unobtrusive Measures | |
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Field Research | |
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Qualitative Interviewing | |
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Evaluation Research | |
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Analysis of Data | |
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Qualitative Data Analysis | |
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Quantifying Data | |
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Elementary Quantitative Analysis, the Elaboration Model, and Social Statistics | |
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Contents in Detail | |
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Preface | |
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Prologue | |
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An Introduction to Inquiry | |
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Human Inquiry and Science | |
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Introduction | |
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Looking for Reality | |
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The Foundations of Social Science | |
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Some Dialectics of Social Research | |
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The Ethics of Social Research | |
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Main Points | |
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Review Questions and Exercises | |
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Continuity Project | |
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Additional Readings | |
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Paradigms, Theory, and Research | |
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Introduction | |
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Some Social Science Paradigms | |
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Elements of Social Theory | |
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Two Logical Systems Revisited | |
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Deductive Theory Construction | |
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Inductive Theory Construction | |
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Main Points | |
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Review Questions and Exercises | |
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Continuity Project | |
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Additional Readings | |
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The Idea of Causation in Social Research | |
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Introduction | |
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Determinism and Social Science | |
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Causation in Idiographic and Nomothetic Models of Explanation | |
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Criteria for Causality | |
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Errors in Reasoning about Causation | |
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Main Points | |
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Review Questions and Exercises | |
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Continuity Project | |
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Additional Readings | |
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The Structuring of Inquiry | |
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Research Design | |
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Introduction | |
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Purposes of Research | |
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Units of Analysis | |
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The Time Dimension | |
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How to Design a Research Project | |
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The Research Proposal | |
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Main Points | |
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Review Questions and Exercises | |
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Additional Readings | |
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Conceptualization, Operationalization, and Measurement | |
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Introduction | |
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Measuring Anything That Exists | |
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Conceptualization | |
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Definitions in Descriptive and Explanatory Studies | |
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Operational Choices | |
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Criteria for Measurement Quality | |
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Main Points | |
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Review Questions and Exercises | |
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Continuity Project | |
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Additional Readings | |
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Indexes, Scales, and Typologies | |
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Introduction | |
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Indexes versus Scales | |
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Index Construction | |
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Scale Construction | |
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Typologies | |
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Main Points | |
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Review Questions and Exercises | |
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Continuity Project | |
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Additional Readings | |
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The Logic of Sampling | |
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Introduction | |
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The Brief History of Sampling | |
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Nonprobability Sampling | |
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The Logic of Probability Sampling | |
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Sampling Concepts and Terminology | |
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Probability Sampling Theory and Sampling Distribution | |
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Populations and Sampling Frames | |
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Types of Sampling Designs | |
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Illustration: Sampling University Students | |
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Multistage Cluster Sampling | |
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Illustration: Sampling Churchwomen | |
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Probability Sampling in Review | |
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Main Points | |
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Review Questions and Exercises | |
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Continuity Project | |
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Additional Readings | |
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Modes of Observation: Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches | |
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Introduction | |
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The Ethical Dimension of Research | |
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Experiments | |
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Introduction | |
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Topics Appropriate to Experiments | |
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The Classical Experiment | |
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Selecting Subjects | |
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Variations on Experimental Design | |
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An Illustration of Experimentation | |
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"Natural" Experiments | |
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Ethical Considerations | |
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Strengths and Weaknesses of the Experimental Method | |
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Main Points | |
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Review Questions and Exercises | |
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Continuity Project | |
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Additional Readings | |
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Survey Research | |
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Introduction | |
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Topics Appropriate to Survey Research | |
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Guidelines for Asking Questions | |
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Questionnaire Construction | |
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Self-Administered Questionnaires | |
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Interview Surveys | |
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Telephone Surveys | |
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New Technologies | |
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Comparison of the Different Survey Methods | |
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Strengths and Weaknesses of Survey Research | |
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Secondary Analysis | |
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Main Points | |
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Review Questions and Exercises | |
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Continuity Project | |
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Additional Readings | |
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Unobtr | |