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Preface | |
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The Sociological Imagination | |
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U.S. Marriage Statistics | |
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What Do Sociologists Study? | |
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Society and Social Interaction | |
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Social Facts | |
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The Sociological Consciousness | |
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The Power of Social Facts: Facial and Body Hair on Women | |
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Distinguishing Troubles from Issues | |
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The Sociological Imagination | |
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The Industrial Revolution and the Emergence of Sociology | |
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The Nature of Work | |
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The Nature of Interaction | |
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Karl Marx (1818-1883) | |
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Emile Durkheim (1858-1918) | |
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Max Weber (1864-1920) | |
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Countries with the Highest and Lowest Suicide Rates (per 100,000) | |
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How the Discipline of Sociology Evolves | |
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Harriet Martineau (1802-1876) | |
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W. E. B. DuBois (1868-1963) | |
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Classical Thinkers, Contemporary Applications | |
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The Importance of a Global Perspective | |
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Why Study Sociology? | |
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U.S. in Perspective Top 20 Highest-Grossing Films, 2003 | |
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This Book's Structure | |
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Resources on the Internet | |
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Theoretical Perspectives and Methods of Social Research: With Emphasis on Mexico | |
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The Functionalist Perspective | |
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Critique of Functionalism | |
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Merton's Concepts | |
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The Functionalist Perspective on U.S. Manufacturing Operations in Mexico | |
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U.S. in Perspective: Frequently Asked Questions About Colonias in the United States | |
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Apparel Manufacturers' Closings in Kentucky, 1993-February 2004 | |
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The Conflict Perspective | |
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Global Implications: Hourly Wage Estimate for Apparel Workers in the United States and Selected Countries | |
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Critique of Conflict Theory | |
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The Conflict Perspective on U.S. Manufacturing Operations in Mexico | |
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Student Voices: U.S. Jobs Move to Mexico | |
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The Symbolic Interactionist Perspective | |
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U.S. in Perspective: Border Activity | |
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Critique of Symbolic Interaction | |
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The Symbolic Interactionist Perspective on U.S. Manufacturing Operations in Mexico | |
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Research Methods | |
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Defining the Topic for Investigation | |
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Reviewing the Literature | |
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Identifying and Defining Core Concepts | |
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Choosing a Research Design and Data-Gathering Strategies | |
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Sample Questions from the General Electric Plant Closing Survey | |
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U.S. in Perspective: Salary Comparisons: India versus the United States for Selected Occupations | |
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Focus on Social Entrepreneurs: Investing in Employees Yields Profits | |
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Analyzing the Data and Drawing Conclusions | |
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Summary & Implications | |
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Resources on the Internet | |
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Culture: With Emphasis on North and South Korea | |
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Two American Lives | |
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The Challenge of Defining Culture | |
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Material and Nonmaterial Components | |
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Beliefs | |
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Values | |
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Norms | |
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U.S. in Perspective: Group Study, Cheating, and the Korean Foreign Student Experience | |
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The Role of Geographic and Historical Forces | |
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The Transmission of Culture | |
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Focus on Social Entrepreneurs Protecting Masterpieces of Human Creative Genius | |
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The Role of Language | |
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U.S. in Perspective Oil Consumption in Three Countries | |
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The Importance of Individual Experiences | |
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Global Implications Top 20 Lands with Most Jehovah's Witnesses (Publishers), 1998 | |
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Culture as a Tool for the Problems of Living | |
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Cultural Formulas for Hunger | |
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Cultural Formulas for Social Emotions | |
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Cultural Diffusion | |
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The Home Culture as the Standard | |
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Student Voices Adjusting to Life in the United States | |
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Ethnocentrism | |
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Forced Culture Change of Native Americans by Bureau of Indian Affairs Schools | |
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Cultural Relativism | |
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Subcultures | |
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U.S. in Perspective Military Size and Spending in the United States and the Koreas | |
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Summary & Implications | |
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Resources on the Internet | |
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Socialization: With Emphasis on Israel, the West Bank, and Gaza | |
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Coming to Terms: The Palestinians and the Israelis | |
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The Jewish Population of the World | |
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Global Implications A Web of Interconnections | |
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U.S. in Perspective Palestinian Migration Out of Palestine | |
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Nature and Nurture | |
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The Importance of Social Contact | |
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Cases of Extreme Isolation | |
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Children of the Holocaust | |
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Cases of Less Extreme Isolation | |
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Individual and Collective Memory | |
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The Role of Groups | |
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Primary Groups | |
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Ingroups and Outgroups | |
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Suicide: The Severing of Relationships to the Group | |
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Student Voices Motives to Display or Not Display the U.S. Flag After September 11, 2001 | |
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Symbolic Interaction and Self-Development | |
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The Emergence of Self-Awareness | |
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Role Taking | |
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The Looking-Glass Self | |
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Focus on Social Entrepreneurs Learning to Invest in the Community | |
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Cognitive Development | |
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Resocialization | |
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Summary & Implications | |
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Resources on the Internet | |
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Social Interaction and the Social Construction of Reality: With Emphasis on the Democratic Republic of the Congo | |
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The Context of Social Interaction | |
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Intimate Interactions and HIV/AIDS | |
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Mechanical Solidarity | |
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Global Implications Roots of Global Interdependence | |
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Organic Solidarity | |
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Disruptions to the Division of Labor in the Congo | |
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Belgian Imperialism (1883-1960) | |
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Independence of Zaire (1960-Present) | |
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Division of Labor Disruptions and HIV/AIDS | |
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The Content of Social Interaction | |
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Social Status | |
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Social Roles | |
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The Connection Between Social Status and Roles | |
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The Dramaturgical Model of Social Interaction | |
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Impression Management | |
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Examples of Screening Questions Asked of Potential Blood Donors | |
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Staging Behavior | |
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Student Voices: Front-Stage Versus Back-Stage Behavior | |
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The Blood Services Industry | |
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U.S. in Perspective: Imports and Exports of Blood and Blood Products | |
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Attribution Theory | |
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Attribution Theory and the Origins of HIV | |
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Determining Who Is HIV-Infected | |
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Research Decisions About Labeling and Categorizing HIV Risk | |
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Television: A Special Case of Reality Construction | |
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Focus on Social Entrepreneurs: Uganda, a Success Story in Addressing HIV and AIDS | |
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The Case of Dr. Margrethe Rask | |
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Summary & Implications | |
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Resources on the Internet | |
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Social Organizations: With Emphasis on McDonald's, a U.S.-Based Multinational Corporation with Operations in 119 Countries | |
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U.S. in Perspective: McDonald's: Profile of a Multinational Corporation Headquartered in the United States | |
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Organizations | |
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The Multinational Corporation: Agent of Colonialism or Progress? | |
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How Did McDonald's Become a Global Corporation? | |
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Global Implications: The Top 10 Global Corporations and Their Size Relative to the Economies of the World | |
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Features of Modern Organization | |
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Rationalization as a Tool in Modern Organizations | |
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Focus on Social Enterpreneurs: Margie Eugene Richard Takes on Shell Chemical | |
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Poultry Products and the Consumer | |
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The McDonaldization of Society | |
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The Concept of Bureaucracy | |
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Factors That Influence Behavior in Organizations | |
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Formal Versus Informal Dimensions of Organizations | |
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Trained Incapacity | |
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Statistical Records of Performance | |
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Student Voices Statistical Measures of Performance | |
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Obstacles to Good Decision Making | |
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Expert Knowledge and Responsibility | |
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McDonald's at a Glance | |
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The Problems with Oligarchy | |
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Alienation of Rank-and-File Workers | |
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Summary & Implications | |
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Resources on the Internet | |
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Deviance, Conformity, and Social Control: With Emphasis on the People's Republic of China | |
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The Role of Context in Defining Deviance | |
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Definitions of Deviance During the Cultural Revolution | |
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The Shifting Context and Changing Definitions of Deviance | |
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Deviance: The Violation of Norms | |
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U.S./China Trade Deficit, Selected Years | |
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The Communist Party in China | |
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Preschool Socialization as a Means of Social Control | |
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Reaction of Socialization of Another Culture | |
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Mechanisms of Social Control | |
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Global Implications: Sentenced Prisoners in the United States and Selected Nations | |
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The Loosening of Social Control in China | |
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Defining Deviance | |
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Labeling Theory | |
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The Circumstances of the Falsely Accused | |
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Student Voices: On Being Falsely Accused or Self-Labeled as a Secret Deviant | |
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Rule Makers and Rule Enforcers | |
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Focus on Social Entrepreneurs: Changing the Fate of the Falsely Accused on Death Row | |
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Obedience to Authority | |
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The Constructionist Approach | |
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U.S. in Perspective The Presumption of Innocence | |
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Claims Makers | |
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U.S. Human Rights Record in 2003-China as Claims Maker | |
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Structural Strain Theory | |
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Structural Strain in the United States | |
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Structural Strain in China | |
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U.S. Human Rights Report: Population Control Strategies in China | |
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Differential Association Theory | |
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Factors That Shape U.S. and Chinese Systems of Social Control | |
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The Problems of Governing More Than 1.3 Billion People | |
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Theories of Deviance and Conformity | |
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Summary & Implications | |
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Resources on the Internet | |
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Social Stratification: With Emphasis on the World's Richest and Poorest Peoples | |
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U.S. in Perspective: Where Do the World's Wealthiest and Poorest People Live? | |
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Place and Social Stratification | |
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Global Implications: Number of Deaths in the First Year of Life per 1,000 Live Births by Race and Ethnic Category | |
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Social Stratification Within Countries | |
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Social Categories | |
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"Open" and "Closed" Stratification Systems | |
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Caste Systems | |
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Class Systems | |
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Poverty Dynamics in the United States | |
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Does the United States Have a Class System? | |
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Mixed Systems: Class and Caste | |
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Theories of Stratification | |
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A Functionalist View of Stratification | |
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Critique of the Functionalist Perspective | |
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The Functions of Poverty | |
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Colonialism and Neocolonialism | |
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World System Theory | |
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Global Implications: Number of Cell Phones per 1,000 Population: United States and Selected Countries in Africa and Europe | |
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Core Economies | |
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Peripheral Economies | |
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Semiperipheral Economies | |
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Analyses of Social Class | |
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Karl Marx and Social Class | |
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Student Voices: Situations Where Differences in Social Class Seem Evident | |
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Karl Marx: Contemporary Applications | |
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Max Weber and Social Class | |
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Max Weber: Contemporary Applications | |
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Summary & Implications | |
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Focus on Social Entrepreneurs: Responsible Wealth | |
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Resources on the Internet | |
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Race and Ethnic Classification: With Emphasis on the Peopling of the United States (A Global Story) | |
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The U.S. System of Racial Classification | |
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The Shortcomings of Assigning People to Clear-Cut Racial Categories | |
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Potential Single and Multiple Race Categories for the 2000 Census | |
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Other Shortcomings Associated with the U.S. System of Racial Classification | |
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The U.S. System of Ethnic Classification | |
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Chance, Context, and Choice | |
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Race as a Product of Chance, Context, and Choice | |
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Ethnicity as a Product of Chance, Context, and Choice | |
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Are People of Arab and Middle Eastern Descent "White"? | |
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The Foreign-Born Population | |
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Highlights from the U.S. Bureau of the Census 2000 Brief: The Arab Population | |
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Global Implications: Ethnic Category: "Middle Eastern," "Arab," or Neither? | |
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U.S. in Perspective Foreign-Born by Region of Birth, 2000 | |
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Global Implications: Immigrants to the United States Since 1820: Top 10 Countries of Origin | |
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The Role of Race and Ethnicity in Immigration Policy | |
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The Long-Standing Debate Over Immigration | |
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The Consequences of Racial and Ethnic Classification | |
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Minority Groups | |
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Perspectives on Assimilation | |
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Racist Ideologies | |
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Prejudice and Stereotyping | |
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White Men Can Jump | |
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Discrimination | |
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Focus on Social Entrepreneurs: The Underground Railroad in American History and Culture | |
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Institutionalized Discrimination | |
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Social Identity and Stigma | |
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Cases of Institutionalized Discrimination Handled by the U.S. Department of Justice | |
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Student Voices: When Does Race Matter? | |
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Responses to Stigmatization | |
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Summary & Implications | |
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Resources on the Internet | |
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Gender: With Emphasis on American Samoa | |
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Distinguishing Sex and Gender | |
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Sex as a Biological Concept | |
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Margaret Mead in American Samoa | |
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Gender as a Social Construct | |
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Gender Polarization | |
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Student Voices: Penalties and Privileges Associated with Being Male and Female | |
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Social Emotions and the Mead-Freeman Controversy | |
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Student Voices: Feeling Rules and Same-Sex Friends | |
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Compliance and Resistance to Gender Polarization | |
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Compliance and Resistance to Gender Polarization | |
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A Third Gender? | |
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Global Implications: Hand-holding as an Expression of Affection (Not Homosexuality) Between Same-Sex Friends | |
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Mechanisms of Perpetuating Gender Ideals | |
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Socialization | |
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Socialization of American Samoan Boys to Be Football Players | |
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Commercialization of Gender Ideals | |
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Creating "New Products" That Consumers Need to Buy | |
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Women's Earnings as a Percentage of Men's Earnings, 1951-2002 | |
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Situational Constraints on Mead and Freeman | |
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Sexist Ideology | |
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Gender Polarization and Body Language | |
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Gender, Ethnicity, Race, and the State | |
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Ideology Supporting Department of Defense's "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" Policy | |
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U.S. in Perspective: Disabled Male Veterans | |
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Focus on Social Entrepreneurs: Making Loans to the World's Poorest Women | |
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Summary & Implications | |
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Resources on the Internet | |
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Economics and Politics: With Emphasis on Iraq | |
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The Economy | |
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Agricultural Revolutions | |
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The Industrial Revolution | |
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The Post-industrial Society and the Information Revolution | |
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Major Economic Systems | |
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Capitalism | |
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Socialism | |
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World System Theory | |
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Core Economies | |
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Student Voices: Proposed Personal Efforts to Reduce Reliance on Oil | |
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Peripheral Economies | |
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Semiperipheral Economies | |
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Iraq: A Peripheral Economy | |
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An Oil-Revenue-Dependent Economy | |
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Crude Oil Prices in 2003 Dollars | |
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The World's Most Heavily Indebted Country | |
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The United States: A Core Economy | |
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A Strong Tertiary Sector | |
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Dominance of U.S.-Headquartered Global Corporations in the World Economy | |
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U.S. in Perspective: Imports from the United States to Countries Around the World | |
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Decline in Union Membership | |
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Flexible Work Schedules | |
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Computer and Information Technology | |
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An Oil- and Mineral-Dependent Economy | |
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Government and Consumer Debt | |
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Political Systems and Power | |
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Forms of Government | |
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Democracy | |
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Totalitarianism | |
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Authoritarianism | |
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Theocracy | |
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Power Elite Model | |
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Focus on Social Entrepreneurs: Grand Ayatollah Ali Sistani | |
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Jubilee: A Special-Interest Group Dedicated to Supporting Economic Justice Campaigns Worldwide | |
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Pluralist Model | |
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Is the United States an Imperialist Power? | |
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Summary & Implications | |
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Resources on the Internet | |
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Family and Aging: With Emphasis on Japan | |
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Defining Family | |
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Kinship | |
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Membership Characteristics | |
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Legal Recognition | |
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U.S. in Perspective: Selected Indicators of Family Structure, Composition, and Well-Being: Japan and the United States, 2000 | |
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Social Functions | |
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Conflict View of Family Life | |
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Global Implications: Highest and Lowest Total Fertility Rates: Nations and 50 States | |
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Productive and Reproductive Work | |
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Social Inequality Within the Society | |
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Racial Divisions and Boundaries | |
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The Changing Family in the United States | |
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Focus on Social Entrepreneurs: Dismantling a Big Lie | |
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The Division of Labor and the Rise of the Breadwinner System | |
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The Decline of the Breadwinner System | |
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Declines in Total Fertility | |
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Increased Life Expectancy | |
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Increased Divorce Rates | |
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Increased Employment Opportunities for Women | |
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Student Voices: Responses to the Conflicts Between Careers and Family | |
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The Changing Family in Japan | |
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The Fall of the ie Family System and the Rise of the Breadwinner System | |
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The Decline of Arranged Marriages | |
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The Rise of the "Parasite Single" and the "New Single Concept" | |
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Entrenched Barriers to Employment | |
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Common Themes to the Century of Change | |
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Economic Arrangements and Their Effect on Productive and Reproductive Labor | |
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U.S. in Perspective: Women in Managerial Positions and National-Level Elected Offices | |
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U.S. in Perspective: Going Back to Japan After Living Three Years in the United States | |
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Parental Authority | |
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Status of Children | |
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The Economic Role of Children in Labor-Intensive Environments | |
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The Consequences of Long Life | |
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The Elderly and Their Caregivers in the United States | |
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The Elderly and Their Caregivers in Japan | |
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Summary & Implications | |
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Resources on the Internet | |
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Population and Urbanization: With Emphasis on India | |
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U.S. in Perspective: The World's 10 Most Populous Countries, 2003 | |
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The Study of Population | |
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Births | |
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Global Implications: Key Demographic Indicators for the United States, India, and the World | |
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Deaths | |
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Age-Sex Composition | |
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U.S. in Perspective Population Pyramid Summary for India and the United States | |
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Sex Ratios by State in India, 2001 | |
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Migration | |
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Focus on Social Entrepreneurs: International Remittances | |
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Population Growth | |
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Percentage of Persons Born in Their State of Residence, 2000 | |
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Student Voices: Internal Migration Within the Last Three Years | |
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The Theory of Demographic Transition | |
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High Birth and Death Rates | |
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The Transition Stage | |
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Low Death Rates and Declining Birth Rates | |
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Industrialization: An Uneven Experience | |
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The Demographic Transition in India | |
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Relative Birth and Death Rates | |
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U.S. in Perspective: Demographic Differences Between Labor-Intensive Poor Countries and Core Economies | |
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Urbanization in India | |
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The Village Community in India | |
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The Urban Versus Non-urban Experience in the United States | |
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Bhopal | |
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Housing Characteristics for Central Cities, Suburbs, and Nonmetropolitan Areas | |
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Summary & Implications | |
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Global Implications: Annual Estimate of Births, Deaths, and Natural Increase for the World, India, and the United States | |
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Resources on the Internet | |
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Education: With Emphasis on the European Union | |
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What Is Education? | |
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Social Functions of Education | |
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Illiteracy in the United States and EU Countries | |
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Global Implications: Top 20 Countries Sending Students to the United States and Top 25 Destinations for U.S. Students Who Study Abroad | |
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Historical Factors Shaping the U.S. System of Public Education | |
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The Development of Mass Education | |
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Textbooks Modeled After Catechisms | |
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Single-Language Instruction | |
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Characteristics of U.S. Education Relative to EU Countries | |
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The Availability of College | |
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Compulsory Foreign Language Education | |
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Differences in Curriculum | |
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Differences in Funding | |
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Education-Based Programs to Solve Social Problems | |
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Focus on Social Entrepreneurs: Universities Learn the Value of Neighborliness | |
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Ambiguity of Purpose and Value | |
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A Close-Up View: The Classroom Environment | |
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The Curriculum | |
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Tracking | |
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Student Voices: The Relevance of Jules Henry 40 Years Later | |
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U.S. in Perspective The Content of Math Lessons: Germany, the United States, and Japan | |
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Teachers' Expectations and Self-Fulfilling Prophecies | |
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An American English-Language Assistant in a French Vocational School | |
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Problems Faced by Teachers | |
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Global Implications: Calculated Contact Time in Hours per Academic Year for Upper Secondary Education Teachers in EU Countries and the United States | |
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The Social Context of American Education | |
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Family Background | |
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Adolescent Subcultures | |
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Literacy Scores by Highest Educational Level of Either Parent: Selected EU Countries | |
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Interviews with EU Students Studying in the United States | |
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Summary & Implications | |
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Students' Multiple Worlds Model and Typology | |
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Resources on the Internet | |
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Religion: With Emphasis on the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan | |
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What Is Religion? Weber's and Durkheim's Views | |
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Beliefs About the Sacred | |
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Beliefs About the Profane | |
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Sacramental, Prophetic, and Mystical Religions | |
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Rituals | |
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Community of Worshipers | |
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Global Implications: The World's Major Non-Christian Religions | |
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A Critique of Durkheim's Definition of Religion | |
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Civil Religion | |
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The Cold War | |
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Americans and Muslims as Cold War Partners | |
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The Historical Context of Afghanistan | |
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Gulf War I | |
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Afghanistan, Iraq, and the War on Terrorism | |
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The Functionalist Perspective | |
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U.S. in Perspective: Freedom of Religious Expression in U.S. Prisons | |
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Society as the Object of Worship | |
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A Critique of the Functionalist Perspective of Religion | |
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Student Voices: Portraits of Jesus | |
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The Conflict Perspective | |
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A Critique of the Conflict Perspective of Religion | |
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Max Weber: The Interplay Between Economics and Religion | |
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Focus on Social Entrepreneurs: Faith-Based and Community Initiatives | |
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Two Opposing Trends: Secularization and Fundamentalism | |
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Secularization | |
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Fundamentalism | |
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Jihad and Militant Islam | |
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Summary & Implications | |
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9/11 Commission Recommendations to Prevent Continued Growth of Islamist Terrorism | |
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Resources on the Internet | |
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Social Change: With Emphasis on Global Interdependence | |
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Globalization | |
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What Is Social Change? | |
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Student Voices: Examples of Global Interdependence and Its Effects | |
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Causes and Consequences of Social Change | |
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Innovations | |
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Global Interdependence: Essential Features | |
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Basic and Improving Innovations | |
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Global Implications: International Tourism | |
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Innovations and the Information Explosion | |
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Changes in the Ways People Relate to Information | |
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The Cultural Base and the Rate of Change | |
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Cultural Lag | |
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Revolutionary Ideas | |
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Conflict | |
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U.S. in Perspective: Project BioShield as a Response to September 11 and the Broader War on Terrorism | |
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The Cold War Origin of the Internet | |
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The Pursuit of Profit | |
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Focus on Social Entrepreneurs: Change Agents | |
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World System Theory | |
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Responses to Economic Stagnation | |
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Social Movements | |
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Types of Social Movements | |