| |
| |
Preface | |
| |
| |
| |
Fluid Mechanics Review | |
| |
| |
| |
Rotating Fluid Phenomena | |
| |
| |
| |
Mass and Momentum Conservation | |
| |
| |
| |
Eulerian Mechanics | |
| |
| |
| |
Mass Conservation | |
| |
| |
| |
Force and Momentum | |
| |
| |
| |
Navier-Stokes Equations | |
| |
| |
| |
Dimensionless Equations and Ratios | |
| |
| |
| |
Potential (Inviscid) Flow | |
| |
| |
| |
Bernoulli Equation | |
| |
| |
| |
Stream Functions and Velocity Potentials | |
| |
| |
| |
Flow Past a Circular Cylinder | |
| |
| |
| |
Pressure Components | |
| |
| |
| |
Boundary Layers and Turbulence | |
| |
| |
| |
Introduction and Two Solutions by Stokes | |
| |
| |
| |
Prandtl Boundary Layer Equations | |
| |
| |
| |
Flat Plate and Cylinder Solutions | |
| |
| |
| |
Momentum Integral Equation | |
| |
| |
| |
Turbulence and Stability | |
| |
| |
| |
Wave Theory | |
| |
| |
| |
Introduction and Definitions | |
| |
| |
| |
Longitudinal Waves | |
| |
| |
| |
Transverse Waves | |
| |
| |
| |
Mach Cones | |
| |
| |
| |
Rotating Fluid Theory | |
| |
| |
| |
Rotating Coordinate Systems | |
| |
| |
| |
Intermediate Reference Frames | |
| |
| |
| |
Fluids in a Rotating Frame | |
| |
| |
| |
Ekman and Rossby Numbers | |
| |
| |
| |
Application Examples | |
| |
| |
| |
Coriolis Phenomena | |
| |
| |
| |
Coriolis Forces vs. Accelerations | |
| |
| |
| |
Coriolis and Angular Momentum | |
| |
| |
| |
Coriolis Force-Acceleration Criteria | |
| |
| |
| |
Application Examples | |
| |
| |
| |
Rotation, Vorticity, and Circulation | |
| |
| |
| |
Rotation | |
| |
| |
| |
Vorticity | |
| |
| |
| |
Circulation and Stokes Theorem | |
| |
| |
| |
Application Examples | |
| |
| |
| |
Vorticity as the Variable | |
| |
| |
| |
Vorticity in Navier-Stokes Equations | |
| |
| |
| |
Viscous Production of Vorticity | |
| |
| |
| |
Relative Vorticity | |
| |
| |
| |
Application Examples | |
| |
| |
| |
Vortex Dynamics | |
| |
| |
| |
Vortex Interactions in Two Dimensions | |
| |
| |
| |
Conservation of Vorticity and Circulation | |
| |
| |
| |
The Formula of Biot and Savart | |
| |
| |
| |
Rankine's Combined Vortex | |
| |
| |
| |
Vortex Intensification by Stretching | |
| |
| |
| |
Application Examples | |
| |
| |
| |
Secondary Flows | |
| |
| |
| |
Boundary Layer Review | |
| |
| |
| |
A Rotating Disk in a Stationary Fluid | |
| |
| |
| |
A Rotating Fluid above a Stationary Surface | |
| |
| |
| |
Enclosed Secondary Flows | |
| |
| |
| |
Application Examples | |
| |
| |
| |
Circular Pathline Flows | |
| |
| |
| |
Theoretical Criteria | |
| |
| |
| |
Some Important Flows | |
| |
| |
| |
Application Examples | |
| |
| |
| |
Rotation and Inertial Waves | |
| |
| |
| |
Rayleigh Instability | |
| |
| |
| |
Stability of Circular Pathline Flows | |
| |
| |
| |
Rossby Waves and Inertial Waves | |
| |
| |
| |
Atmospheric Rossby Waves I | |
| |
| |
| |
Instability and Turbulence | |
| |
| |
| |
Application Examples | |
| |
| |
| |
Rotating Fluid Applications | |
| |
| |
| |
Pipes, Channels, and Rivers | |
| |
| |
| |
Swirl in Straight Sections | |
| |
| |
| |
Secondary Flow in Curved Sections | |
| |
| |
| |
River Meandering | |
| |
| |
| |
Abutment Undercutting | |
| |
| |
| |
Study and Research Projects | |
| |
| |
| |
Rotors and Centrifuges | |
| |
| |
| |
Thin Disk in a Housing | |
| |
| |
| |
Flow in a Cylindrical Annulus | |
| |
| |
| |
Centrifuges | |
| |
| |
| |
Cyclone Separators | |
| |
| |
| |
Study and Research Projects | |
| |
| |
| |
Wings, Lift, and Drag | |
| |
| |
| |
Circulation and Lift (Inviscid) | |
| |
| |
| |
Circulation and Lift (Viscous) | |
| |
| |
| |
Kutta-Zhukowskii Theory | |
| |
| |
| |
Finite Wings and Vortices | |
| |
| |
| |
Vertical Momentum and Induced Drag | |
| |
| |
| |
Study and Research Projects | |
| |
| |
| |
Turbomachinery | |
| |
| |
| |
Definitions and Classifications | |
| |
| |
| |
Internal Flow Characteristics | |
| |
| |
| |
Torque and Power Output | |
| |
| |
| |
Flow Calculations | |
| |
| |
| |
Performance Criteria | |
| |
| |
| |
Study and Research Projects | |
| |
| |
| |
Liquids in Precessing Spacecraft | |
| |
| |
| |
Rigid-Body Dynamics | |
| |
| |
| |
Energy Dissipation and Stability | |
| |
| |
| |
Solution: Analysis and Computation | |
| |
| |
| |
Solution: Scaled Experiments | |
| |
| |
| |
Study and Research Projects | |
| |
| |
| |
The Earth, Sun, and Moon | |
| |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
Earth and Earth-Sun-Moon Dynamics | |
| |
| |
| |
Motions in the Liquid Core | |
| |
| |
| |
Chandler Wobble | |
| |
| |
| |
Tides and Earth-Sun-Moon Dynamics | |
| |
| |
| |
Study and Research Projects | |
| |
| |
| |
Atmospheric Circulation | |
| |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
Convective Flow Patterns | |
| |
| |
| |
Coriolis Phenomena | |
| |
| |
| |
Planetary Flow Dynamics | |
| |
| |
| |
Atmospheric Rossby Waves II | |
| |
| |
| |
Study and Research Projects | |
| |
| |
| |
Oceanic Circulation | |
| |
| |
| |
Flow Patterns and Energy Sources | |
| |
| |
| |
Coriolis and Oceanic Gyres | |
| |
| |
| |
Western Intensification and Elevated Centers | |
| |
| |
| |
Localized Flow Phenomena | |
| |
| |
| |
Some Quantitative Analyses | |
| |
| |
| |
Study and Research Projects | |
| |
| |
| |
Intense Atmospheric Vortices | |
| |
| |
| |
Whirlwinds and Dust Devils | |
| |
| |
| |
Large-Scale Vortex Storms | |
| |
| |
| |
Hurricanes (Typhoons) | |
| |
| |
| |
Tornadoes | |
| |
| |
| |
Study and Research Projects | |
| |
| |
Appendices | |
| |
| |
| |
Mathematical Relationships | |
| |
| |
| |
Vectors | |
| |
| |
| |
Matrices | |
| |
| |
| |
Direction Cosine Matrices | |
| |
| |
| |
Dyadics and Tensors | |
| |
| |
| |
The Del Operator [down triangle, open] | |
| |
| |
| |
Operations Using [down triangle, open] | |
| |
| |
| |
Stream Functions and Velocity Potentials | |
| |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
Basic Flows | |
| |
| |
| |
Sums of Two Flows | |
| |
| |
| |
Cylinders and Vortex Pairs | |
| |
| |
| |
Equations of Motion | |
| |
| |
| |
Cartesian | |
| |
| |
| |
Cylindrical | |
| |
| |
| |
Spherical | |
| |
| |
| |
Fluid Properties | |
| |
| |
| |
Units | |
| |
| |
| |
Properties of Air | |
| |
| |
| |
Properties of Water | |
| |
| |
| |
Common Gases and Liquids | |
| |
| |
| |
Compressible Fluids | |
| |
| |
| |
Geophysical Data | |
| |
| |
| |
The Earth | |
| |
| |
| |
The Sun | |
| |
| |
| |
The Moon | |
| |
| |
| |
The Planets | |
| |
| |
| |
The Oceans | |
| |
| |
| |
The Standard Atmosphere | |
| |
| |
References | |
| |
| |
Index | |