| |
| |
| |
| Microphysics of Gases | |
| |
| |
| |
| Thermodynamics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Equation of State of a Perfect Gas | |
| |
| |
| |
| First Law of Thermodynamics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Second Law of Thermodynamics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Thermal Properties of a Perfect Gas | |
| |
| |
| |
| Some Consequences of the Combined First and Second Laws | |
| |
| |
| |
| Kinetic Theory | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Distribution Function and Boltzmann's Equation | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Collision Integral | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Maxwellian Velocity Distribution | |
| |
| |
| |
| Boltzmann's H-Theorem | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Time of Relaxation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Classical Statistical Mechanics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Thermodynamic Probability and Entropy | |
| |
| |
| |
| Boltzmann Statistics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Ionization | |
| |
| |
| |
| Thermodynamic Properties of Ionizing Hydrogen | |
| |
| |
| |
| Dynamics of Ideal Fluids | |
| |
| |
| |
| Kinematics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Velocity and Acceleration | |
| |
| |
| |
| Particle Paths, Streamlines, and Streaklines | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Euler Expansion Formula | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Reynolds Transport Theorem | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Equation of Continuity | |
| |
| |
| |
| Vorticity and Circulation | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Cauchy-Stokes Decomposition Theorem | |
| |
| |
| |
| Equations of Motion and Energy | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Stress Tensor | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Momentum Equation | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Energy Equation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Dynamics of Viscous and Heat-Conducting Fluids | |
| |
| |
| |
| Equations of Motion and Energy: The Continuum View | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Stress Tensor for a Newtonian Fluid | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Navier-Stokes Equations | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Energy Equation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Similarity Parameters | |
| |
| |
| |
| Equations of Motion and Energy: The Kinetic Theory View | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Mean Free Path and Transport Phenomena | |
| |
| |
| |
| Moments of the Boltzmann Equation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Conservation Equations for Equilibrium Flow | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Chapman-Enskog Solution for Nonequilibrium Flow | |
| |
| |
| |
| Evaluation of the Transport Coefficients | |
| |
| |
| |
| Relativistic Fluid Flow | |
| |
| |
| |
| Basic Concepts of Special Relativity | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Relativity Principle | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Lorentz Transformation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Relativistic Kinematics of Point Particles | |
| |
| |
| |
| Relativistic Dynamics of Point Particles | |
| |
| |
| |
| Relativistic Dynamics of Ideal Fluids | |
| |
| |
| |
| Kinematics | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Equation of Continuity | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Material Stress-Energy Tensor | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Four-Force Density | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Dynamical Equations | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Kinetic Theory View | |
| |
| |
| |
| Relativistic Dynamics of Nonideal Fluids | |
| |
| |
| |
| Kinematics | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Stress-Energy Tensor | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Energy Equation | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Equations of Motion | |
| |
| |
| |
| Waves, Shocks, and Winds | |
| |
| |
| |
| Acoustic Waves | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Wave Equation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Propagation of Acoustic Waves | |
| |
| |
| |
| Wave Energy and Momentum | |
| |
| |
| |
| Damping of Acoustic Waves by Conduction and Viscosity | |
| |
| |
| |
| Acoustic-Gravity Waves | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Wave Equation and Wave Energy | |
| |
| |
| |
| Propagation of Acoustic-Gravity Waves in an Isothermal Medium | |
| |
| |
| |
| Propagation of Acoustic-Gravity Waves in a Stellar Atmosphere | |
| |
| |
| |
| Shock Waves | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Development of Shocks | |
| |
| |
| |
| Steady Shocks | |
| |
| |
| |
| Shock Structure | |
| |
| |
| |
| Propagation of Weak Shocks | |
| |
| |
| |
| Numerical Methods | |
| |
| |
| |
| Propagating Strong Shocks | |
| |
| |
| |
| Thermally Driven Winds | |
| |
| |
| |
| Basic Model | |
| |
| |
| |
| Physical Complications | |
| |
| |
| |
| Radiation and Radiative Transfer | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Radiation Field | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Specific Intensity and Photon Distribution Function | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Mean Intensity and Radiation Energy Density | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Radiative Energy Flux and Momentum Density | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Radiation Pressure Tensor | |
| |
| |
| |
| Thermal Radiation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Planck's Law | |
| |
| |
| |
| Stefan's Law | |
| |
| |
| |
| Thermodynamics of Equilibrium Radiation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Thermodynamics of Equilibrium Radiation Plus a Perfect Gas | |
| |
| |
| |
| Thermodynamics of Equilibrium Radiation Plus an Ionizing Gas | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Interaction of Radiation and Matter | |
| |
| |
| |
| Absorption, Emission, and Scattering | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Einstein Relations | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Einstein-Milne Relations | |
| |
| |
| |
| Opacity and Emission Coefficients | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Equation of Transfer | |
| |
| |
| |
| Derivation of the Transfer Equation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Optical Depth and Source Function | |
| |
| |
| |
| Moments of the Transfer Equation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Solution of the Transfer Equation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Formal Solution | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Diffusion Limit | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Wave Limit | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Grey Atmosphere, Mean Opacities, and Multigroup Methods | |
| |
| |
| |
| Numerical Methods | |
| |
| |
| |
| Statistical Equilibrium in the Presence of a Radiation Field | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Microscopic Implications of LTE | |
| |
| |
| |
| Non-LTE Rate Equations | |
| |
| |
| |
| Thermal Properties of a Nonequilibrium Gas | |
| |
| |
| |
| Solution of the Coupled Transfer and Statistical Equilibrium Equations in Static Media | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Two-Level Atom | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Complete Linearization Method | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Equations of Radiation Hydrodynamics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Lorentz Transformation of the Transfer Equation | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Photon Four-Momentum | |
| |
| |
| |
| Transformation Laws for the Specific Intensity, Opacity, and Emissivity | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Radiation Stress-Energy Tensor and Four-Force Vector | |
| |
| |
| |
| Covariant Form of the Transfer Equation | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Dynamical Equations for a Radiating Fluid | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Inertial-Frame Transfer Equation for a Moving Fluid | |
| |
| |
| |
| Inertial-Frame Equations of Radiation Hydrodynamics | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Comoving-Frame Equation of Transfer | |
| |
| |
| |
| Comoving-Frame Equations of Radiation Hydrodynamics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Solution of the Equations of Radiation Hydrodynamics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Radiation Diffusion Methods | |
| |
| |
| |
| Transport Solution in the Comoving Frame | |
| |
| |
| |
| Transport Solution by Mixed-Frame and VERA-Code Methods | |
| |
| |
| |
| Radiating Flows | |
| |
| |
| |
| Small-Amplitude Disturbances | |
| |
| |
| |
| Radiative Damping of Temperature Fluctuations | |
| |
| |
| |
| Propagation of Acoustic Waves in a Radiating Fluid | |
| |
| |
| |
| Propagation of Acoustic-Gravity Waves in a Radiating Fluid | |
| |
| |
| |
| Nonlinear Flows | |
| |
| |
| |
| Thermal Waves | |
| |
| |
| |
| Steady Shocks | |
| |
| |
| |
| Propagating Shocks | |
| |
| |
| |
| Ionization Fronts | |
| |
| |
| |
| Radiation-Driven Winds | |
| |
| |
| |
| Elements of Tensor Calculus | |
| |
| |
| |
| Notation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Cartesian Tensors | |
| |
| |
| |
| General Tensors | |
| |
| |
| Glossary of Physical Symbols | |
| |
| |
| Index | |