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List of Reference Charts | |
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Tools for Language Learning | |
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Parts of Speech | |
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Sentences | |
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Dictionaries | |
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Verb Tenses | |
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Present Tenses | |
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Past Tenses | |
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Modals | |
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Time | |
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Ability | |
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Necessity | |
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Advisability and Hindsight | |
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Expectation | |
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Options | |
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Certainty and Lack of Certainty | |
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Polite Forms | |
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Passive Voice | |
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Forming Passive Voice Verb Phrases | |
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Reasons to Use Passive Voice | |
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A/an and the | |
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Count Nouns and Noncount Nouns | |
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Article Use: Singular Count Nouns | |
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Article Use: Plurals and Noncount Nouns | |
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Generic Use of Nouns | |
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Helpful Guidelines | |
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Subject-Verb Agreement | |
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Agreement | |
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Troublesome Subjects | |
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Modifiers and Comparisons | |
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Modifiers of Nouns | |
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Adverbs | |
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Comparisons | |
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Gerunds and Infinitives | |
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Gerunds | |
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Infinitives | |
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Make, Let, and Have | |
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Parallel Structure | |
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Using Parallel Structure | |
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Subordination and Transition: Adverb Clauses | |
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Ways to Connect Ideas | |
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Troublesome Subordinating Conjunctions | |
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Troublesome Transitional Expressions | |
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A Few More Troublesome Expressions | |
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Using Transitional Expressions to Organize an Essay | |
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Adjective Clauses | |
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Subject Adjective Clauses | |
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Object Adjective Clauses | |
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Preposition Adjective Clauses | |
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Restrictive versus Nonrestrictive Adjective Clauses | |
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Adjective Clauses with Whose | |
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Other Uses of Which Clauses | |
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Adjective Clauses with of Which or of Whom | |
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Noun Clauses | |
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Noun Clauses with Question Words | |
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If Noun Clauses | |
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That Noun Clauses | |
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That Noun Clauses versus Noun Clauses with Question Words | |
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It Sentences with Noun Clauses | |
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Noun Clauses as Complements | |
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The Formal Sequence of Tenses for Reported Speech | |
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Subjunctive Verb Forms | |
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Ordinary Conditionals ("Real" Conditionals) | |
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Hypothetical Conditionals ("Unreal" Conditionals): Present/Future Time | |
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Hypothetical Conditionals ("Unreal" Conditionals): Past Time | |
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Hypothetical Conditionals ("Unreal" Conditionals): Mixed Time | |
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Hidden and Implied Conditionals | |
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Rare Forms | |
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Subjunctive Complements | |
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Wish | |
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Participial Phrases | |
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Adjectival Participial Phrases | |
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Time Relationships in Participial Phrases | |
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Adverbial Participial Phrases | |
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Other Participial Phrase Forms | |
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Readings | |
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Reading Poetry | |
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Reading Prose | |
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Words from the Academic and University Word Lists | |
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Answer Key | |