| |
| |
| Preface | |
| |
| |
| |
| Electromagnetic radiation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Brief history of the interaction of light and matter | |
| |
| |
| |
| Light in vacuum | |
| |
| |
| |
| The electromagnetic spectrum | |
| |
| |
| |
| Wave equation in vacuum | |
| |
| |
| |
| Propagation of one component in one dimension | |
| |
| |
| |
| Phase and group velocity of a light pulse | |
| |
| |
| |
| Amplitude modulation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Frequency and phase modulation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Energy, momentum and angular momentum of electromagnetic waves | |
| |
| |
| |
| Polarized light | |
| |
| |
| |
| Diffraction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Interference | |
| |
| |
| |
| Temporal and spatial coherence | |
| |
| |
| |
| Photons: quantization of the electromagnetic field | |
| |
| |
| |
| Matter-source of light | |
| |
| |
| |
| Classical expressions for the charge density and current | |
| |
| |
| |
| The wave equation with source terms: Lienard-Wiechert potentials | |
| |
| |
| |
| Phenomenology of light propagation in matter | |
| |
| |
| |
| Absorption of light | |
| |
| |
| |
| Color of materials | |
| |
| |
| |
| An aside on Einstein absorption and emission coefficients | |
| |
| |
| |
| Nonlinear absorption | |
| |
| |
| |
| Saturable absorption | |
| |
| |
| |
| Reverse saturable absorption | |
| |
| |
| |
| Two-photon absorption | |
| |
| |
| |
| Index of refraction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Reflection and refraction at a boundary interface | |
| |
| |
| |
| Relationship between refractive index and absorption: Kramers-Kronig relation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Dispersion | |
| |
| |
| |
| Refractive index temperature dependence: thermal lensing | |
| |
| |
| |
| Optical phenomena in nonisotropic media | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction to crystallography and optics in crystals | |
| |
| |
| |
| Dichroism | |
| |
| |
| |
| Birefringence | |
| |
| |
| |
| Optical activity, optical rotatory dispersion and circular dichroism | |
| |
| |
| |
| Electric field effects | |
| |
| |
| |
| Kerr effect | |
| |
| |
| |
| Pockels effect | |
| |
| |
| |
| Piezoelectricity | |
| |
| |
| |
| Pyroelectric effect | |
| |
| |
| |
| Ferroelectric effect | |
| |
| |
| |
| Electrostriction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Photorefractive effect | |
| |
| |
| |
| Acousto-optic effects | |
| |
| |
| |
| Diffraction by acoustic waves: Brillouin scattering | |
| |
| |
| |
| Photoelastic effect (stress-birefringence) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Acousto-optic detection of light | |
| |
| |
| |
| Magnetic field effects | |
| |
| |
| |
| Faraday effect | |
| |
| |
| |
| Voigt and Cotton-Mouton effects | |
| |
| |
| |
| Magnetic circular birefringence and dichroism | |
| |
| |
| |
| Magnetostriction and magnetoelasticity | |
| |
| |
| |
| The interaction of light and matter | |
| |
| |
| |
| Lorentz force law | |
| |
| |
| |
| Motion of a charged particle in static electric and magnetic fields | |
| |
| |
| |
| Motion in a magnetic field - the cyclotron frequency | |
| |
| |
| |
| Crossed electric and magnetic fields | |
| |
| |
| |
| Conductivity, magnetoconductivity and Hall effect | |
| |
| |
| |
| Motion of a bound electron in an electromagnetic field | |
| |
| |
| |
| Linewidth due to spontaneous emission | |
| |
| |
| |
| Rayleigh scattering, Thomson scattering, and resonant line scattering limits | |
| |
| |
| |
| Polarization of a medium | |
| |
| |
| |
| Polarization of a medium in a static magnetic field | |
| |
| |
| |
| Electromagnetic field and a static electric field | |
| |
| |
| |
| Nonlinear polarization of a medium | |
| |
| |
| |
| Radiation due to acceleration of charges | |
| |
| |
| |
| Radiation from relativistically moving charges | |
| |
| |
| |
| Synchrotron emission | |
| |
| |
| |
| Radiative damping force revisited | |
| |
| |
| |
| Cherenkov radiation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Multipole radiation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Scattering of long wavelength electromagnetic radiation from small particles | |
| |
| |
| |
| Scattering of a light wavepacket | |
| |
| |
| |
| Cooling and trapping of atoms | |
| |
| |
| |
| Far off-resonance trapping, atom mirrors and optical tweezers | |
| |
| |
| |
| Doppler cooling | |
| |
| |
| |
| Polarization gradient cooling (Sisyphus cooling) of atoms | |
| |
| |
| |
| Magnetic phenomena, constitutive relations and plasmas | |
| |
| |
| |
| Magnetic moments | |
| |
| |
| |
| Magnetization | |
| |
| |
| |
| Diamagnetism | |
| |
| |
| |
| Paramagnetism | |
| |
| |
| |
| Ferromagnetism | |
| |
| |
| |
| Ferrimagnetism | |
| |
| |
| |
| Antiferromagnetism | |
| |
| |
| |
| Permeability resonances | |
| |
| |
| |
| Magnetic resonance | |
| |
| |
| |
| Nuclear magnetic resonance | |
| |
| |
| |
| Polarization and magnetization as source terms | |
| |
| |
| |
| Atomistic derivation of macroscopic electromagnetism and the constitutive relations | |
| |
| |
| |
| Microscopic polarizability and macroscopic polarization | |
| |
| |
| |
| Clausius-Mossotti equation and the Lorentz-Lorenz correction factor | |
| |
| |
| |
| Microscopic magnetic moment and macroscopic magnetization | |
| |
| |
| |
| Dielectric relaxation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Molecular orientation (and re-orientation) in an applied field | |
| |
| |
| |
| Dispersion relations for light in dielectric crystals | |
| |
| |
| |
| Plasmas | |
| |
| |
| |
| Plasma parameters | |
| |
| |
| |
| Constitutive equations in a plasma | |
| |
| |
| |
| Kinetic theory | |
| |
| |
| |
| Hydrodynamic model of plasmas | |
| |
| |
| |
| Waves in a plasma | |
| |
| |
| |
| Quantum description of absorption, emission and light scattering | |
| |
| |
| |
| Charged particle in an electromagnetic field | |
| |
| |
| |
| Electron spin coupling | |
| |
| |
| |
| Landau levels in a static magnetic field | |
| |
| |
| |
| Absorption and emission | |
| |
| |
| |
| Time-dependent perturbation theory | |
| |
| |
| |
| Spontaneous emission | |
| |
| |
| |
| Stimulated emission and absorption | |
| |
| |
| |
| Finite lifetime considerations for stimulated emission and absorption | |
| |
| |
| |
| Finite duration pulses | |
| |
| |
| |
| Rayleigh and Raman scattering | |
| |
| |
| |
| Why is the sky blue, the setting sun red and clouds white? | |
| |
| |
| |
| Thomson scattering | |
| |
| |
| |
| Spectroscopy | |
| |
| |
| |
| Atoms | |
| |
| |
| |
| The hydrogen atom | |
| |
| |
| |
| Multielectron atomic systems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Atomic selection rules | |
| |
| |
| |
| Broadening due to lifetime and collisions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Molecules | |
| |
| |
| |
| Hamiltonian for molecular systems | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Born-Oppenheimer approximation and potential energy surfaces | |
| |
| |
| |
| Molecular orbitals | |
| |
| |
| |
| Diatomic molecules | |
| |
| |
| |
| Diatomic rotational and vibrational states and transitions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Electric dipole transitions | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Franck-Condon principle | |
| |
| |
| |
| More about rotational states and transitions: microwave spectroscopy | |
| |
| |
| |
| H[subscript 2 superscript +] ion | |
| |
| |
| |
| H[subscript 2] molecule | |
| |
| |
| |
| Polyatomic molecules | |
| |
| |
| |
| Multidimensional Born-Oppenheimer potential surfaces | |
| |
| |
| |
| The nuclear Hamiltonian for molecular systems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Rotational degrees of freedom | |
| |
| |
| |
| Large molecules | |
| |
| |
| |
| Condensed-phase materials | |
| |
| |
| |
| Crystals doped with metal ions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Metals | |
| |
| |
| |
| Semiconductor materials | |
| |
| |
| |
| Lasers | |
| |
| |
| |
| Laser dynamics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Three- and four-level lasers | |
| |
| |
| |
| Laser rate equations | |
| |
| |
| |
| Threshold | |
| |
| |
| |
| Steady state | |
| |
| |
| |
| Small signal gain and gain saturation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Circulating intracavity intensity | |
| |
| |
| |
| cw output vs input | |
| |
| |
| |
| Pulsed laser operation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Relaxation oscillations | |
| |
| |
| |
| Q-switching | |
| |
| |
| |
| Mode-locking | |
| |
| |
| |
| Extra-cavity pulse compressor | |
| |
| |
| |
| Chirped pulse amplifiers | |
| |
| |
| |
| Cavity modes | |
| |
| |
| |
| Longitudinal modes | |
| |
| |
| |
| Transverse modes | |
| |
| |
| |
| Amplified spontaneous emission | |
| |
| |
| |
| Laser linewidth | |
| |
| |
| |
| Laser coherence | |
| |
| |
| |
| Specific laser systems | |
| |
| |
| |
| He-Ne laser | |
| |
| |
| |
| Ar ion and Kr ion lasers | |
| |
| |
| |
| CO[subscript 2] laser | |
| |
| |
| |
| Nitrogen laser | |
| |
| |
| |
| Excimer and exciplex lasers | |
| |
| |
| |
| Dye lasers | |
| |
| |
| |
| Solid-state lasers | |
| |
| |
| |
| Semiconductor diode lasers: GaAs, AlGaAs heterostructures | |
| |
| |
| |
| Nonlinear optics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Expansion of the polarization in the electric field | |
| |
| |
| |
| Symmetry relations of the nonlinear susceptibilities | |
| |
| |
| |
| Electromagnetic energy density in a nonlinear medium | |
| |
| |
| |
| Local field corrections to nonlinear susceptibilities | |
| |
| |
| |
| The nonlinear wave equation for the slowly varying envelope | |
| |
| |
| |
| Manley-Rowe relations | |
| |
| |
| |
| Phase-matching | |
| |
| |
| |
| Collinear phase-matching | |
| |
| |
| |
| Noncollinear phase-matching | |
| |
| |
| |
| Second harmonic generation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Second harmonic generation with multimode light | |
| |
| |
| |
| Short-pulse second harmonic generation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Three-wave mixing | |
| |
| |
| |
| Sum frequency generation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Difference frequency generation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Third harmonic generation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Third harmonic generation in rare gas mixtures | |
| |
| |
| |
| Effects of self-phase modulation on third harmonic generation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Self-focusing and self-phase modulation | |
| |
| |
| |
| The nonlinear Schrodinger equation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Optical solitons | |
| |
| |
| |
| Four-Wave mixing | |
| |
| |
| |
| Stimulated Raman processes | |
| |
| |
| |
| Coherent anti-Stokes and Stokes Raman spectroscopy | |
| |
| |
| |
| Stimulated Brillouin processes | |
| |
| |
| |
| Nonlinear matter-wave optics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Quantum-optical processes | |
| |
| |
| |
| Interaction of a two-level system with an electromagnetic field | |
| |
| |
| |
| Rotating wave approximation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Rabi oscillations | |
| |
| |
| |
| Dressed states | |
| |
| |
| |
| Adiabatic passage and the adiabatic theorem | |
| |
| |
| |
| Liouville-von Neumann equation for the density matrix | |
| |
| |
| |
| The density matrix description of matter | |
| |
| |
| |
| The steady-state density matrix solution | |
| |
| |
| |
| Rate equation limit | |
| |
| |
| |
| Atom cooling and trapping revisited | |
| |
| |
| |
| The adiabatic theorem for density matrix dynamics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Inhomogeneous broadening | |
| |
| |
| |
| Optical coherent transient processes | |
| |
| |
| |
| Three-level system | |
| |
| |
| |
| Wavefunction treatment of a three-level system | |
| |
| |
| |
| Population transfer using stimulated Raman adiabatic passage | |
| |
| |
| |
| Coherent trapping: dark states | |
| |
| |
| |
| Density matrix treatment of a three-level system | |
| |
| |
| |
| Coherent states and squeezed states | |
| |
| |
| |
| Position-momentum squeezing | |
| |
| |
| |
| Number and phase squeezing and the phase operator | |
| |
| |
| |
| Generation of squeezed states: parametric down-conversion | |
| |
| |
| |
| Homodyne detection of squeezed states | |
| |
| |
| |
| Application of squeezed states: sub-shot-noise phase measurements | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Jaynes-Cummings model | |
| |
| |
| |
| Interaction between modes of a quantum field | |
| |
| |
| |
| Interaction representation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Quantum-field two-mode Rabi problem | |
| |
| |
| |
| Parametric oscillation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Light propagation in optical fibers and introduction to optical communication systems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Fiber characteristics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Attenuation in fibers | |
| |
| |
| |
| Dispersion in fibers | |
| |
| |
| |
| Polarization-maintenance and single-polarization fibers | |
| |
| |
| |
| Gain in doped fibers | |
| |
| |
| |
| Transverse modes of an optical fiber | |
| |
| |
| |
| Single-mode fiber | |
| |
| |
| |
| Imperfections in the fiber | |
| |
| |
| |
| Coupling between fiber modes | |
| |
| |
| |
| Fiber-Bragg gratings | |
| |
| |
| |
| Nonlinear processes in fibers | |
| |
| |
| |
| Optical solitons in fibers | |
| |
| |
| |
| Stimulated Raman amplification in fibers | |
| |
| |
| |
| Higher-order nonlinear effects | |
| |
| |
| |
| Parametric processes | |
| |
| |
| |
| Fiber-optic communication system | |
| |
| |
| |
| Analogue communication | |
| |
| |
| |
| Coherent optical communication | |
| |
| |
| |
| Digital communication | |
| |
| |
| |
| Multiplexing techniques | |
| |
| |
| Appendices | |
| |
| |
| |
| Vector analysis | |
| |
| |
| |
| Scalar and vector products | |
| |
| |
| |
| Differential operators | |
| |
| |
| |
| Divergence and Stokes theorems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Curvilinear coordinates | |
| |
| |
| |
| Electromagnetism and Maxwell's equations | |
| |
| |
| |
| The laws of electromagnetism | |
| |
| |
| |
| Electromagnetic units | |
| |
| |
| |
| Maxwell's equations | |
| |
| |
| |
| Quantum mechanics and the Schrodinger equation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Time-dependent and time-independent Schrodinger equations | |
| |
| |
| |
| Spherical harmonics | |
| |
| |
| |
| The radial Schrodinger equation | |
| |
| |
| |
| The free particle | |
| |
| |
| |
| The spherical top and the distorted spherical top | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Coulomb potential | |
| |
| |
| |
| Atomic units | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Morse potential | |
| |
| |
| |
| The harmonic oscillator potential | |
| |
| |
| |
| Perturbation theory | |
| |
| |
| |
| Nondegenerate time-independent perturbation theory | |
| |
| |
| |
| Degenerate time-independent perturbation theory | |
| |
| |
| |
| Time-dependent perturbation theory | |
| |
| |
| |
| Fundamental constants | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Bibliography | |
| |
| |
| Index | |