| |
| |
| |
Using Technology: Technology as a Tool | |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
Technology as a Management Tool | |
| |
| |
Self-Check | |
| |
| |
| |
Using Technology Effectively | |
| |
| |
Self-Check | |
| |
| |
| |
Completing a Needs Assessment | |
| |
| |
Self-Check | |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
Key Terms | |
| |
| |
Summary Questions | |
| |
| |
Review Questions | |
| |
| |
Applying This Chapter | |
| |
| |
You Try It | |
| |
| |
| |
Emergency Management and the Internet: Information Superhighway | |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
Case Study: Hurricane Katrina and the Internet | |
| |
| |
Self-Check | |
| |
| |
| |
The Beginning of the Internet | |
| |
| |
Self-Check | |
| |
| |
| |
The Internet as a System | |
| |
| |
| |
Open and Closed Internet Systems | |
| |
| |
Self-Check | |
| |
| |
| |
Internet, the Web, and the Emergency Management Community | |
| |
| |
| |
The World Wide Web | |
| |
| |
| |
Limitations of the Internet | |
| |
| |
| |
Helpful Web Sites for Emergency Managers | |
| |
| |
| |
Forums and Webcasting | |
| |
| |
Self-Check | |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
Key Terms | |
| |
| |
Summary Questions | |
| |
| |
Review Questions | |
| |
| |
Applying This Chapter | |
| |
| |
You Try It | |
| |
| |
| |
Networks and Communications Systems: Working Together | |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
What is a Network? | |
| |
| |
Self-Check | |
| |
| |
| |
Types of Networks | |
| |
| |
| |
Wireline Networks | |
| |
| |
| |
Wireless Networks | |
| |
| |
Self-Check | |
| |
| |
| |
Communication Networks | |
| |
| |
| |
The Telephone System | |
| |
| |
| |
Digital Transmission Services | |
| |
| |
| |
Microwave Radio Services | |
| |
| |
| |
Satellite Communications | |
| |
| |
| |
Disruptions in Communication Networks | |
| |
| |
| |
Local Area Network (LAN) | |
| |
| |
| |
Wide Area Network (WAN) | |
| |
| |
Self-Check | |
| |
| |
| |
Trends in Technology Affecting Networks | |
| |
| |
| |
Remote Access to Information | |
| |
| |
| |
Information Overload | |
| |
| |
| |
Data Integration | |
| |
| |
| |
Real-Time Response Data | |
| |
| |
| |
Capability and Compatibility Issues in Networks and Communications | |
| |
| |
| |
Using Technology to Create Synergy | |
| |
| |
Self-Check | |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
Key Terms | |
| |
| |
Summary Questions | |
| |
| |
Review Questions | |
| |
| |
Applying This Chapter | |
| |
| |
You Try It | |
| |
| |
| |
GIS and GPS Tools: Maps and Geographic Systems | |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
Geographic Information System: A Review of the Technology | |
| |
| |
Self-Check | |
| |
| |
| |
GIS in Emergency Management | |
| |
| |
Self-Check | |
| |
| |
| |
Developing and Implementing a GIS | |
| |
| |
| |
LandView and MARPLOT Software | |
| |
| |
Self-Check | |
| |
| |
| |
Data Representation | |
| |
| |
| |
Vector Data | |
| |
| |
| |
Raster Data | |
| |
| |
| |
TIGER Files | |
| |
| |
Self-Check | |
| |
| |
| |
Geocoding | |
| |
| |
Self-Check | |
| |
| |
| |
Global Positioning Systems | |
| |
| |
Self-Check | |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
Key Terms | |
| |
| |
Summary Questions | |
| |
| |
Review Questions | |
| |
| |
Applying This Chapter | |
| |
| |
You Try It | |
| |
| |
| |
Direct and Remote Sensing: Describing and Detecting Hazards | |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
Direct Sensing and Data | |
| |
| |
Self-Check | |
| |
| |
| |
Weather Stations | |
| |
| |
| |
Data from Outside Weather Stations | |
| |
| |
| |
Remote Automated Weather Station (RAWS) | |
| |
| |
| |
Case Study: GeoMAC | |
| |
| |
Self-Check | |
| |
| |
| |
Water Data Sensors | |
| |
| |
| |
Local Flood Warning Systems | |
| |
| |
| |
Rain and Stream Gages | |
| |
| |
| |
United States Geological Survey (USGS) Stream-Gaging Program | |
| |
| |
| |
Using the Stream Flow Data for Emergency Management | |
| |
| |
Self-Check | |
| |
| |
| |
Air Data Sensors | |
| |
| |
| |
Air Sensors and Air Quality | |
| |
| |
| |
Chemical Sensors | |
| |
| |
| |
Using Air Data Sensors in Cases of Terrorism | |
| |
| |
Self-Check | |
| |
| |
| |
Evaluating the Technology | |
| |
| |
Self-Check | |
| |
| |
| |
Remote Sensing | |
| |
| |
Self-Check | |
| |
| |
| |
Satellites | |
| |
| |
| |
NOAA GOES Satellite | |
| |
| |
| |
Polar Orbiting Satellites | |
| |
| |
| |
Landsat | |
| |
| |
| |
Case Example: Long Term Monitoring of Environmental Change | |
| |
| |
| |
Imaging Radar | |
| |
| |
Self-Check | |
| |
| |
| |
Using and Assessing Data | |
| |
| |
Self-Check | |
| |
| |
| |
Trends in Technology | |
| |
| |
Self-Check | |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
Key Terms | |
| |
| |
Summary Questions | |
| |
| |
Review Questions | |
| |
| |
Applying This Chapter | |
| |
| |
You Try It | |
| |
| |
| |
Emergency Management Decision Support Systems: Using Data to Manage Disasters | |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
Emergency Management Information Systems | |
| |
| |
Self-Check | |
| |
| |
| |
Evaluating Information Systems | |
| |
| |
| |
Quality | |
| |
| |
| |
Timeliness | |
| |
| |
| |
Completeness | |
| |
| |
| |
Performance | |
| |
| |
Self-Check | |
| |
| |
| |
Accessing Federal, State, and Local Information Systems | |
| |
| |
| |
The National Emergency Management Information System (NEMIS) | |
| |
| |
| |
Federal Emergency Management Information System (FEMIS) | |
| |
| |
| |
Computer Aided Management of Emergency Operations (CAMEO) | |
| |
| |
| |
Other Decision Support Information Systems | |
| |
| |
Self-Check | |
| |
| |
| |
Using Data | |
| |
| |
| |
Databases | |
| |
| |
| |
Data Dictionary (or Metadata) | |
| |
| |
Self-Check | |
| |
| |
| |
Working with Hazardous Chemical (Tier 2) Database Structure | |
| |
| |
| |
Example of Tier 2 Database | |
| |
| |
| |
Tier 2 Database Reporting Model | |
| |
| |
Self-Check | |
| |
| |
| |
Evaluating Databases | |
| |
| |
Self-Check | |
| |
| |
| |
Using Emergency Management Databases | |
| |
| |
Self-Check | |
| |
| |
| |
Obtaining Data from Public Federal Data Sources | |
| |
| |
Self-Check | |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
Key Terms | |
| |
| |
Summary Questions | |
| |
| |
Review Questions | |
| |
| |
Applying This Chapter | |
| |
| |
You Try It | |
| |
| |
| |
Hazard Analysis and Modeling: Predicting the Impact | |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
Modeling and Emergency Management | |
| |
| |
| |
The Technology behind Modeling | |
| |
| |
| |
Understanding the Results of Modeling | |
| |
| |
Self-Check | |
| |
| |
| |
Hurricane Model (SLOSH) | |
| |
| |
| |
SLOSH for Planning, Response, Recovery, and Mitigation | |
| |
| |
| |
Strengths of SLOSH | |
| |
| |
| |
Limitations of SLOSH | |
| |
| |
Self-Check | |
| |
| |
| |
Using the ALOHA Chemical Dispersion Modeling | |
| |
| |
| |
Model Outputs | |
| |
| |
| |
Strengths of ALOHA | |
| |
| |
| |
Limitations of ALOHA | |
| |
| |
Self-Check | |
| |
| |
| |
Assessing HAZUS-MH Models | |
| |
| |
| |
Strengths of HAZUS-MH | |
| |
| |
| |
Limitations of HAZUS-MH | |
| |
| |
Self-Check | |
| |
| |
| |
Additional Models | |
| |
| |
| |
Fire Modeling | |
| |
| |
| |
Evacuation Modeling | |
| |
| |
| |
Drought Modeling | |
| |
| |
Self-Check | |
| |
| |
| |
Evaluating Hazard Models | |
| |
| |
Self-Check | |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
Key Terms | |
| |
| |
Summary Questions | |
| |
| |
Review Questions | |
| |
| |
Applying This Chapter | |
| |
| |
You Try It | |
| |
| |
| |
Warning Systems: Alerting the Public to Danger | |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
Warning Systems | |
| |
| |
Self-Check | |
| |
| |
| |
Detection and Management | |
| |
| |
| |
Case Study: Detection at a Local Level | |
| |
| |
| |
National Weather Service | |
| |
| |
| |
Case Study: Detection at a National Level | |
| |
| |
Self-Check | |
| |
| |
| |
Issuing Warnings | |
| |
| |
| |
Technical Issues | |
| |
| |
| |
Organizational Issues | |
| |
| |
| |
Societal Issues | |
| |
| |
Self-Check | |
| |
| |
| |
Types of Warning Systems | |
| |
| |
| |
Sirens | |
| |
| |
| |
The Emergency Alert System (EAS) | |
| |
| |
| |
Barriers to Warnings | |
| |
| |
| |
Case Study: Evacuating the Area during a Nuclear Disaster | |
| |
| |
Self-Check | |
| |
| |
| |
Response | |
| |
| |
| |
Case Study: Response to Hurricane Katrina | |
| |
| |
Self-Check | |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
Key Terms | |
| |
| |
Summary Questions | |
| |
| |
Review Questions | |
| |
| |
Applying This Chapter | |
| |
| |
You Try It | |
| |
| |
| |
Operational Problems and Technology: Making Technology Work for You | |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
Examining Barriers in Implementing Technology in Emergency Management | |
| |
| |
Self-Check | |
| |
| |
| |
Creating Successful Emergency Management Organizations | |
| |
| |
| |
The Contingency Approach | |
| |
| |
| |
Managing an Organization | |
| |
| |
Self-Check | |
| |
| |
| |
Using Technology to Overcome Organizational Boundaries | |
| |
| |
Self-Check | |
| |
| |
| |
Pitfalls of Technology | |
| |
| |
| |
Reliance on Technology | |
| |
| |
| |
Obsolescence | |
| |
| |
| |
Information Overload | |
| |
| |
| |
Data Integration | |
| |
| |
| |
Real-Time Response Data | |
| |
| |
| |
Security | |
| |
| |
Self-Check | |
| |
| |
| |
Managing Technology | |
| |
| |
Self-Check | |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
Key Terms | |
| |
| |
Summary Questions | |
| |
| |
Review Questions | |
| |
| |
Applying This Chapter | |
| |
| |
You Try It | |
| |
| |
| |
Trends in Technology: New Tools for the Challenges of Emergency Management | |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
Using Technology for Information Exchange | |
| |
| |
| |
Emergency Preparedness Information Exchange (EPIX) | |
| |
| |
| |
Television and Internet Information | |
| |
| |
| |
Digital Libraries and Publications | |
| |
| |
| |
Distance Learning | |
| |
| |
Self-Check | |
| |
| |
| |
Using Remote Technology: Modeling, Mapping and Decision Support Systems at a Distance | |
| |
| |
| |
Wildfire and Earthquake Situational Maps: Using a National and International Approach | |
| |
| |
| |
Applying Technology in Hurricane Katrina: A Case Example | |
| |
| |
Self-Check | |
| |
| |
| |
Managing the Technology | |
| |
| |
Self-Check | |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
Key Terms | |
| |
| |
Summary Questions | |
| |
| |
Review Questions | |
| |
| |
Applying This Chapter | |
| |
| |
You Try It | |
| |
| |
Bibliography | |
| |
| |
Glossary | |
| |
| |
Index | |