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| Preface | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Overview | |
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| Historical Background | |
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| FRP Reinforcements for New Concrete Structural Members | |
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| FRP Bars or Grids for Reinforced Concrete Members | |
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| FRP Tendons for Prestressed Concrete Members | |
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| Stay-in-Place FRP Formwork for Reinforced Concrete Members | |
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| FRP Strengthening of Existing Structural Members | |
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| FRP Profiles for New Structures | |
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| Other Emerging Applications of Interest to Structural Engineers | |
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| Properties of FRP Products for Structural Engineering Design | |
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| Published Design Guides, Codes, and Specifications for FRP Composites in Structural Engineering | |
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| FRP Reinforcing Bars and Tendons | |
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| FRP Strengthening Systems | |
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| FRP Pultruded Profiles | |
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| Manufacturers' Design Manuals | |
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| Key Conferences Series | |
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| Archival Journals | |
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| Materials and Manufacturing | |
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| Overview | |
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| Raw Materials | |
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| Reinforcing Fibers | |
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| Polymer Resins | |
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| Manufacturing Methods | |
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| Pultrusion | |
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| Hand Layup | |
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| Other Manufacturing Processes | |
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| Properties of FRP Composites | |
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| Overview | |
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| Theoretical Determination of Properties | |
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| Fiber Level | |
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| Lamina Level | |
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| Laminate Level | |
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| Full-Section Level | |
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| Experimental Determination of Properties | |
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| Fiber Level | |
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| Lamina Level | |
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| Laminate Level | |
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| Full-Section Level | |
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| Relevant Standard Test Methods for FRP Composites for Structural Engineers | |
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| American Society of Testing and Materials Test Methods | |
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| Full-Section Test Methods for FRP Bars and Laminates | |
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| Design Basis for FRP Reinforcements | |
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| Overview | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Properties of FRP Reinforcing Bars | |
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| Design Basis for FRP-Reinforced Concrete | |
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| Resistance Factors | |
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| Minimum Reinforcement Requirements | |
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| Determination of Guaranteed Properties of FRP Rebars | |
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| Design for Environmental Effects on FRP Rebars | |
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| Special Considerations Regarding FRP Rebars | |
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| Design for Serviceability | |
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| Temperature and Shrinkage Reinforcement in Slabs | |
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| FRP Flexural Reinforcement | |
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| Overview | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Flexural Strength of an FRP-Reinforced Section | |
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| Overreinforced Section | |
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| Underreinforced Section | |
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| Minimum Flexural Reinforcement | |
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| Design Procedure for an FRP-Reinforced Flexural Member | |
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| Design of FRP-Reinforced Bridge Deck Slabs | |
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| Serviceability Design of FRP-Reinforced Beams | |
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| Deflections Under Service Loads | |
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| Flexural Cracking | |
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| Creep and Fatigue at Service Loads | |
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| Design Procedure for Serviceability | |
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| FRP Shear Reinforcement | |
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| Overview | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Shear Design of an FRP-Reinforced Concrete Section | |
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| Concrete Contribution to Shear Capacity | |
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| Shear Capacity of FRP Stirrups | |
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| Punching Shear Capacity in Slabs | |
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| Limits on Shear Reinforcement and Shear Strengths for Shear Design | |
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| Design Procedure for FRP Shear Reinforcement | |
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| FRP Reinforcement Detailing | |
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| Overview | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Geometric Details | |
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| Calculation of Bar Spacing | |
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| Bond Strength of FRP Bars | |
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| Development of Straight FRP Bars | |
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| Development of Hooked FRP Bars | |
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| Lap Splices for FRP Bars | |
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| Design Procedure to Detail FRP Bars in a Beam | |
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| Design Basis for FRP Strengthening | |
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| Overview | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Properties of FRP Strengthening Systems | |
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| Design Basis for FRP Strengthening Systems | |
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| Resistance Factors | |
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| Guaranteed Properties | |
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| Environmental Effects | |
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| Limits on Strengthening | |
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| Limits on Stresses in FRP Strengthening Systems at Service Loads | |
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| Compression Strengthening in Flexural Members | |
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| Deflections in FRP-Strengthened Structures | |
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| FRP Strengthening System Area Calculations | |
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| FRP Flexural Strengthening | |
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| Overview | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Flexural Capacity of an FRP-Strengthened Member | |
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| Stress in the FRP Strengthening System | |
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| Strain in the Internal Reinforcing Steel | |
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| Neutral-Axis Depth | |
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| Existing Substrate Strain | |
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| Determination of Failure Modes and Flexural Capacity | |
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| Mode 1a: Concrete Crushing After Steel Yields | |
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| Mode 1b: Concrete Crushing Before Steel Yields | |
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| Mode 2a: FRP Failure After Steel Yields | |
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| Mode 2b: FRP Failure Before Steel Yields | |
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| Balanced Condition | |
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| Detailing for Flexural Strengthening | |
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| Design Procedure for a Flexurally Strengthened Concrete Member | |
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| Serviceability of FRP-Strengthened Flexural Members | |
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| Cracked FRP Strengthened Section | |
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| Service-Level Stress in the Internal Steel Reinforcing Bars | |
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| Service-Level Stress in the FRP Strengthening System | |
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| Load-Deflection Response of FRP-Strengthened Flexural Members | |
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| FRP Shear Strengthening | |
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| Overview | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Shear Capacity of an FRP-Strengthened Member | |
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| Effective Strain in the FRP for Shear Strengthening | |
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| Design Procedure for Shear Strengthening | |
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| Shear Strengthening of Fully Wrapped Axially Loaded Columns | |
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| FRP Confining | |
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| Overview | |
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| Introduction | |
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| FRP Confining for Axial Strengthening | |
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| Serviceability for FRP-Strengthened Axial Members | |
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| Design Procedure for FRP Axial Strengthening of RC Circular Columns | |
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| FRP-Strengthened Eccentrically Loaded Columns | |
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| FRP Confining for Increased Ductility | |
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| Lateral Displacement Ductility | |
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| Flexural Hinge Confinement | |
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| Design Procedure for Flexural Hinge Confinement | |
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| Lap Splice Region Confinement | |
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| Plastic Shear Overstrength Demand | |
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| Design Basis for FRP Profiles | |
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| Overview | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Properties of Pultruded Profiles | |
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| Design Basis for FRP Pultruded Structures | |
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| Allowable Stress Design | |
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| Load and Resistance Factor Design | |
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| Performance-Based Design | |
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| Pultruded Flexural Members | |
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| Overview | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Stresses in Flexural Members | |
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| Deformations in Flexural Members | |
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| Determination of Deflections and Stresses for Serviceability and Ultimate Limit States | |
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| Serviceability Limits States | |
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| Deformation Limit State: Transverse Deflection | |
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| Long-Term Deflection in Pultruded Beams | |
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| Ultimate Limit States | |
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| Lateral-Torsional Buckling | |
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| Local Buckling of Walls Due to In-Plane Compression | |
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| Local Buckling of Walls Due to In-Plane Shear | |
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| Web Crushing and Web Buckling in the Transverse Direction | |
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| Additional Factors Affecting Local Buckling in Pultruded Profiles | |
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| Flange and Web Longitudinal Material Failure | |
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| Flange and Web Material Shear Failure | |
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| Design Procedure for Flexural Members | |
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| Pultruded Axial Members | |
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| Overview | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Concentrically Loaded Compression Members | |
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| Deformations in Concentrically Loaded Compression Members | |
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| Determination of Deflections and Stresses for Serviceability and Ultimate Limit States | |
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| Serviceability Limit States: Axial Shortening | |
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| Ultimate Limit States | |
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| Global Flexural Buckling | |
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| Global Torsional Buckling | |
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| Local Buckling Due to Axial Loads | |
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| Interaction Between Local and Global Buckling Modes in Intermediate-Length Compression Members | |
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| Flange and Web Longitudinal Material Failure | |
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| Design Procedure for Concentrically Loaded Compression Members | |
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| Concentrically Loaded Tension Members | |
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| Deformations in Concentrically Loaded Tension Members | |
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| Determination of Deflections and Stresses for Serviceability and Ultimate Limit States: Axial Elongation | |
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| Ultimate Limit States | |
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| Longitudinal Material Failure on the Gross Area | |
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| Longitudinal Material Failure on the Net Area | |
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| Design Procedure for Concentrically Loaded Tension Members | |
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| Combined Load Members | |
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| Members Subjected to Combined Flexure and Compression (Beam-Columns) | |
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| Members Subjected to Combined Flexure and Tension | |
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| Pultruded Connections | |
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| Overview | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Conventional Pultruded Connections | |
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| Custom Pultruded Connections | |
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| Mechanical Fasteners and Connection Parts | |
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| FRP Nuts and Bolts | |
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| Research on Heavy Beam-to-Column Pultruded Connections | |
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| Bolted Pultruded Connections | |
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| Light-Truss Pultruded Connections | |
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| Lap Joint Connections | |
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| Heavy-Frame Pultruded Connections | |
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| Design of Bolted Pultruded Connections | |
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| Determination of Stresses in In-Plane Lap Joints | |
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| Bearing Stress in the Base Pultruded Material | |
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| Net-Tension Stress in the Base Pultruded Material | |
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| Shear-Out Stress in the Base Pultruded Material | |
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| Shear Stress on a Bolt | |
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| Stresses in Out-of-Plane Shear Connections | |
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| Longitudinal Shear Stress at the Heel of an Angle | |
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| Flexural Stress in the Leg of an Angle Bolted to a Column Member | |
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| Transverse Tensile Stress in a Web-Flange Junction of a Column | |
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| Block Shear in a Beam Web | |
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| Flexural and Shear Stresses in Flexible Seated Connections | |
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| Critical Connection Limit States | |
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| Design Procedure for a Pultruded Connection | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |