| |
| |
Preface | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Crystal and Electronic Structure of Meals | |
| |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
Crystal Structures of the Metallic Elements | |
| |
| |
| |
Exceptions to the Rule of the Metallic Bond | |
| |
| |
| |
Effects of High Pressure on Crystal Structure | |
| |
| |
| |
Effect of Electronic Structure on Crystal Structure | |
| |
| |
| |
Periodic Trends in Material Properties | |
| |
| |
| |
Defects and their Effects on Materials Properties | |
| |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
Point Defects | |
| |
| |
| |
Line Defects (Dislocations | |
| |
| |
| |
Planar Defects | |
| |
| |
| |
Volume Defects | |
| |
| |
| |
Strengthening Mechanisms | |
| |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
Grain Boundary Strengthening | |
| |
| |
| |
Strain Hardening | |
| |
| |
| |
Solid-Solution Hardening | |
| |
| |
| |
Precipitation Hardening | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Disclocations | |
| |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
Forces on Dislocations | |
| |
| |
| |
Forces Between Dislocations | |
| |
| |
| |
Multiplication of Dislocations | |
| |
| |
| |
Partial Dislocations | |
| |
| |
| |
Slip Systems in Various Crystals | |
| |
| |
| |
Strain Hardening of Single Crystals | |
| |
| |
| |
Thermally Activated Dislocation Motion | |
| |
| |
| |
Interactions of Solute Atoms with Dislocations | |
| |
| |
| |
Dislocation Pile-ups | |
| |
| |
| |
Fracture and Fatigue | |
| |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
Fundamentals of Fracture | |
| |
| |
| |
Metal Fatigue | |
| |
| |
| |
Strain Rate Effects and Creep | |
| |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
Yield Point Phenomenon and Strain Aging | |
| |
| |
| |
Ultrarapid Strain Phenomena | |
| |
| |
| |
Creep | |
| |
| |
| |
Deformation Mechanism Maps | |
| |
| |
| |
Superplasticity | |
| |
| |
| |
Deviations from Classic Crystallinity | |
| |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
Nanocrystalline Metals | |
| |
| |
| |
Amorphous Metals | |
| |
| |
| |
Quasicrystalline Metals | |
| |
| |
| |
Radiation Damage in Metals | |
| |
| |
| |
Processing Methods | |
| |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
Casting | |
| |
| |
| |
Powder Metallurgy | |
| |
| |
| |
Forming and Shaping | |
| |
| |
| |
Material Removal | |
| |
| |
| |
Joining | |
| |
| |
| |
Surface Modification | |
| |
| |
| |
Composites | |
| |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
Composite Materials | |
| |
| |
| |
Metal Matrix Composites | |
| |
| |
| |
Manufacturing MMCs | |
| |
| |
| |
Mechanical Properties and Strengthening Mechanismsin MMCs | |
| |
| |
| |
Internal Stresses | |
| |
| |
| |
Stress Relaxation | |
| |
| |
| |
High-Temperature Behavior of MMCs | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, and Fr | |
| |
| |
| |
Overview | |
| |
| |
| |
History, Properties, and Applications | |
| |
| |
| |
Sources | |
| |
| |
| |
Structure�Property Relations | |
| |
| |
| |
Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, and Ra | |
| |
| |
| |
Overview | |
| |
| |
| |
History and Properties | |
| |
| |
| |
Beryllium | |
| |
| |
| |
Magnesium | |
| |
| |
| |
Heavier Alkaline Metals | |
| |
| |
| |
Ti, Zr, and Hf | |
| |
| |
| |
Overview | |
| |
| |
| |
Titanium | |
| |
| |
| |
Zirconium | |
| |
| |
| |
Hafnium | |
| |
| |
| |
V, Nb, and Ta | |
| |
| |
| |
Overview | |
| |
| |
| |
History and Properties | |
| |
| |
| |
Vanadium | |
| |
| |
| |
Niobium | |
| |
| |
| |
Tantalum | |
| |
| |
| |
Cr, Mo, and W | |
| |
| |
| |
Overview | |
| |
| |
| |
Chromium | |
| |
| |
| |
Molybdenum | |
| |
| |
| |
Tungsten | |
| |
| |
| |
Mn, Tc, and Re | |
| |
| |
| |
Overview | |
| |
| |
| |
History and Properties | |
| |
| |
| |
Manganese | |
| |
| |
| |
Technetium | |
| |
| |
| |
Rhenium | |
| |
| |
| |
Co and Ni | |
| |
| |
| |
Overview | |
| |
| |
| |
Cobalt | |
| |
| |
| |
Nickel | |
| |
| |
| |
The Platinum Group Metals: Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, and Pt | |
| |
| |
| |
Overview | |
| |
| |
| |
History, Properties, and Applications | |
| |
| |
| |
Toxicity | |
| |
| |
| |
Sources | |
| |
| |
| |
Structure�Property Relations | |
| |
| |
| |
Cu, Ag, and Au | |
| |
| |
| |
Overview | |
| |
| |
| |
Copper | |
| |
| |
| |
Silver | |
| |
| |
| |
Gold | |
| |
| |
| |
Zn, Cd, and Hg | |
| |
| |
| |
Overview | |
| |
| |
| |
Zinc | |
| |
| |
| |
Cadmium | |
| |
| |
| |
Mercury | |
| |
| |
| |
Al, Ga, In, and Ti | |
| |
| |
| |
Overview | |
| |
| |
| |
Aluminum | |
| |
| |
| |
Gallium | |
| |
| |
| |
Indium | |
| |
| |
| |
Thallium | |
| |
| |
| |
Si, Ge, Sn, and Pb | |
| |
| |
| |
Overview | |
| |
| |
| |
Silicon | |
| |
| |
| |
Germanium | |
| |
| |
| |
Tin | |
| |
| |
| |
Lead | |
| |
| |
| |
As, Sb, Bi, and Po | |
| |
| |
| |
Overview | |
| |
| |
| |
Arsenic | |
| |
| |
| |
Antimony | |
| |
| |
| |
Bismuth | |
| |
| |
| |
Polonium | |
| |
| |
| |
Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu | |
| |
| |
| |
Overview | |
| |
| |
| |
History | |
| |
| |
| |
Physical Properties | |
| |
| |
| |
Applications | |
| |
| |
| |
Sources | |
| |
| |
| |
Structure�Property Relations | |
| |
| |
| |
Ac, Th, Pa, U, Np, Pu, Am, Cm, Bk, Cf, Es, Fm, Md, No, and Lr | |
| |
| |
| |
Overview | |
| |
| |
| |
History and Properties | |
| |
| |
| |
Thorium | |
| |
| |
| |
Uranium | |
| |
| |
| |
Plutonium | |
| |
| |
| |
Less Common Actinide Metals | |
| |
| |
| |
Intermetallic Compounds: Their Promise and the Ductility Challenge | |
| |
| |
| |
Overview | |
| |
| |
| |
Bonding and General Properties | |
| |
| |
| |
Mechanical Properties | |
| |
| |
| |
Oxidation Resistance | |
| |
| |
| |
Nonstructural Uses of Intermetallics | |
| |
| |
| |
Stoichiometric Intermetallics | |
| |
| |
| |
Nonstoichiometric Intermetallics | |
| |
| |
| |
Intermetallics with Third-Element Additions | |
| |
| |
| |
Environmental Embrittlement | |
| |
| |
Index | |