| |
| |
| Introduction To Enhanced Heat Transfer | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| The Enhancement Techniques | |
| |
| |
| Passive Techniques | |
| |
| |
| Active Techniques | |
| |
| |
| 1.2.3 Technique vs. Mode | |
| |
| |
| Published Literature | |
| |
| |
| General Remarks | |
| |
| |
| U.S. Patent Literature | |
| |
| |
| Manufacturer's Information | |
| |
| |
| Benefits of Enhancement | |
| |
| |
| Commercial Applications of Enhanced Surfaces | |
| |
| |
| Heat (and Mass) Exchanger Types of Interest | |
| |
| |
| Illustrations of Enhanced Tubular Surfaces | |
| |
| |
| Enhanced Fin Geometries for Gases | |
| |
| |
| Plate Type Heat Exchangers | |
| |
| |
| Cooling Tower Packings | |
| |
| |
| Distillation and Column Packings | |
| |
| |
| Factors Affecting Commercial Development | |
| |
| |
| Definition of Heat Transfer Area | |
| |
| |
| Potential For Enhancement | |
| |
| |
| PEC Example 1.1 | |
| |
| |
| PEC Example 1.2 | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Heat Transfer Fundamentals | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Heat Exchanger Design Theory | |
| |
| |
| Thermal Analysis | |
| |
| |
| Heat Exchanger Design Methods | |
| |
| |
| Comparison of LMTD and NTU Design Methods | |
| |
| |
| Fin Efficiency | |
| |
| |
| Heat Transfer Coefficients and Friction Factors | |
| |
| |
| Laminar Flow Over Flat Plate | |
| |
| |
| Laminar Flow in Ducts | |
| |
| |
| Turbulent Flow in Ducts | |
| |
| |
| Tube Banks (Single-Phase Flow) | |
| |
| |
| Film Condensation | |
| |
| |
| Nucleate Boiling | |
| |
| |
| Correction For Variation of Fluid Properties | |
| |
| |
| Effect of Changing Fluid Temperature | |
| |
| |
| Effect Local Property Variation | |
| |
| |
| Reynolds Analogy | |
| |
| |
| Fouling of Heat Transfer Surfaces | |
| |
| |
| Conclusions | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Nomenclature | |
| |
| |
| Performance Evaluation Criteria For Single-Phase Flows | |
| |
| |
| Performance Evaluation Criteria (Pec) | |
| |
| |
| Pec For Heat Exchangers | |
| |
| |
| Pec For Single Phase Flow | |
| |
| |
| Objective Function and Constraints | |
| |
| |
| Algebraic Formulation of the PEC | |
| |
| |
| Simple Surface Performance Comparison | |
| |
| |
| Constant Flow Rate | |
| |
| |
| Fixed Flow Area | |
| |
| |
| Thermal Resistance on Both Sides | |
| |
| |
| Relations For St and f | |
| |
| |
| Heat Exchanger Effectiveness | |
| |
| |
| Effect Of Reduced Exchanger Flow Rate | |
| |
| |
| Flow Normal to Finned Tube Banks | |
| |
| |
| Variants of The Pec | |
| |
| |
| Comments on Other Performance Indicators | |
| |
| |
| Shah Soland et al. | |
| |
| |
| Conclusions | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Nomenclature | |
| |
| |
| Performance Evaluation Criteria For Two-Phase Heat Exchangers | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Operating Characteristics of Two-Phase Heat Exchangers | |
| |
| |
| Enhancement in Two-Phase Heat Exchange Systems | |
| |
| |
| Work Consuming Systems | |
| |
| |
| Work Producing Systems | |
| |
| |
| Heat Actuated Systems | |
| |
| |
| PEC For Two-Phase Heat Exchange Systems | |
| |
| |
| PEC Calculation Method | |
| |
| |
| PEC Example 4.1 | |
| |
| |
| PEC Example 4.2 | |
| |
| |
| Conclusions | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Nomenclature | |
| |
| |
| Plate-And-Fin Extended Surfaces | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Offset-Strip Fin | |
| |
| |
| Enhancement Principle | |
| |
| |
| PEC Example 5.1 | |
| |
| |
| Analytically Based Models for j and f vs. Re | |
| |
| |
| Transition from Laminar to Turbulent Region | |
| |
| |
| Correlations for j and f vs. Re | |
| |
| |
| Use of OSF with Liquids | |
| |
| |
| Effect of Percent Fin Offset | |
| |
| |
| Effect of Burred Edges | |
| |
| |
| Louver Fin | |
| |
| |
| Heat Transfer and Friction Correlations | |
| |
| |
| Flow Structure in the Louver Fin Array | |
| |
| |
| Analytical Model for Heat Transfer and Friction | |
| |
| |
| PEC Example 5.2 | |
| |
| |
| Convex Louver Fin | |
| |
| |
| Wavy Fin | |
| |
| |
| 3-Dimensional Corrugated Fins | |
| |
| |
| Perforated Fin | |
| |
| |
| Pin Fins and Wire Mesh | |
| |
| |
| Vortex Generators | |
| |
| |
| Types of Vortex Generators | |
| |
| |
| Vortex Generators on a Plate-Fin Surface | |
| |
| |
| Metal Foam Fin | |
| |
| |
| Plain Fin | |
| |
| |
| PEC Example 5.3 | |
| |
| |
| Entrance Length Effects | |
| |
| |
| Packings For Gas-Gas Regenerators | |
| |
| |
| Numerical Simulation | |
| |
| |
| Offset-strip fins | |
| |
| |
| Louver Fins | |
| |
| |
| Wavy Channels | |