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| Preface | |
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| Introduction. | |
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| Definition | |
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| Characteristics | |
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| Classification | |
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| Particulate Composites | |
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| Fiber-Reinforced Composites | |
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| Applications of Fiber Composites | |
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| Exercise Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Fibers, Matrices, and Fabrication of Composites. | |
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| Advanced Fibers | |
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| Glass Fibers | |
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| Carbon and Graphite Fibers | |
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| Aramid Fibers | |
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| Boron Fibers | |
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| Other Fibers | |
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| Matrix Materials | |
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| Polymers | |
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| Metals | |
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| Fabrication of Composites | |
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| Fabrication of Thermosetting Resin Matrix Composites | |
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| Fabrication of Thermoplastic-Resin Matrix Composites (Short-Fiber Composites | |
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| Fabrication of Metal Matrix Composites | |
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| Fabrication of Ceramic Matrix Composites | |
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| Suggested Reading | |
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| Behavior of Unidirectional Composites. | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Nomenclature | |
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| Volume and Weight Fractions | |
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| Longitudinal Behavior of Unidirectional Composites | |
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| Initial Stiffness | |
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| Load Sharing | |
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| Behavior beyond Initial Deformation | |
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| Failure Mechanism and Strength | |
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| Factors Influencing Longitudinal Strength and Stiffness | |
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| Transverse Stiffness and Strength | |
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| Constant-Stress Model | |
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| Elasticity Methods of Stiffness Prediction | |
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| Halpin-Tsai Equations for Transverse Modulus | |
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| Transverse Strength | |
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| Prediction of Shear Modulus | |
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| Prediction of Poisson's Ratio | |
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| Failure Modes | |
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| Failure under Longitudinal Tensile Loads | |
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| Failure under Longitudinal Compressive Loads | |
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| Failure under Transverse Tensile Loads | |
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| Failure under Transverse Compressive Loads | |
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| Failure under In-Plane Shear Loads | |
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| Expansion Coefficients and Transport Properties | |
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| Thermal Expansion Coefficients | |
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| Moisture Expansion Coefficients | |
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| Transport Properties | |
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| Mass Diffusion | |
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| Typical Unidirectional Fiber Composite Properties | |
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| Exercise Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Short-Fiber Composites. | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Theories of Stress Transfer | |
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| Approximate Analysis of Stress Transfer | |
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| Stress Distributions from Finite-Element Analysis | |
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| Average Fiber Stress | |
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| Modulus and Strength of Short-Fiber Composites | |
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| Prediction of Modulus | |
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| Prediction of Strength | |
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| Effect of Matrix Ductility | |
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| Ribbon-Reinforced Composites | |
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| Exercise Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Analysis of an Orthotropic Lamina. | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Orthotropic Materials | |
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| Stress-Strain Relations and Engineering Constants | |
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| Stress-Strain Relations for Specially Orthotropic Lamina | |
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| Stress-Strain Relations for Generally Orthotropic Lamina | |
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| Transformation of Engineering Constants | |
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| Hooke's Law and Stiffness and Compliance Matrices | |
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| General Anisotropic Material | |
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| Specially Orthotropic Material | |
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| Transversely Isotropic Material | |
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| Isotropic Material | |
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| Specially Orthotropic Material under Plane Stress | |
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| Compliance Tensor and Compliance Matrix | |
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| Relations between Engineering Constants and Elements of Stiffness and Compliance Matrices | |
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| Restrictions on Elastic Constants | |
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| Transformation of Stiffness and Compliance Matrices | |
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| Invariant Forms of Stiffness and Compliance Matrices | |
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| Strengths of an Orthotropic Lamina | |
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| Maximum-Stress Theory | |
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| Maximum-Strain Theory | |
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| Maximum-Work Theory | |
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| Importance of Sign of Shear Stress on Strength of Composites | |
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| Exercise Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Analysis of Laminated Composites. | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Laminate Strains | |
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| Variation of Stresses in a Laminate | |
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| Resultant Forces and Moments: Synthesis of Stiffness Matrix | |
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| Laminate Description System | |
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| Construction and Properties of Special Laminates | |
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| Symmetric Laminates | |
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| Unidirectional, Cross-Ply, and Angle-Ply Laminates | |
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| Quasi-isotropic Laminates | |
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| Determination of Laminae Stresses and Strains | |
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| Analysis of Laminates after Initial Failure | |
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| Hygrothermal Stresses in Laminates | |
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| Concepts of Thermal Stresses | |
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| Hygrothermal Stress Calculations | |
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| Laminate Analysis Through Computers | |
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| Exercise Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Analysis of Laminated Plates and Beams. | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Governing Equations for Plates | |
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| Equilibrium Equations | |
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| Equilibrium Equations in Terms of Displacements | |
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| Application of Plate Theory | |
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| Bending | |
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| Buckling | |
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| Free Vibrations | |
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| Deformations Due to Transverse Shear | |
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| First-Order Shear Deformation Theory | |
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| Higher-Order Shear Deformation Theory | |
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| Analysis of Laminated Beams | |
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| Governing Equations for Laminated Beams | |
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| Application of Beam Theory | |
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| Exercise Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Advanced Topics in Fiber Composites. | |
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| Interlaminar Stresses and Free-Edge Effects | |
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| Concepts of Interlaminar Stresses | |
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| Determination of Interlaminar Stresses | |
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| Effect of Stacking Sequence on Interlaminar Stresses | |
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| Approximate Solutions for Interlaminar Stresses | |
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| Summary | |
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| Fracture Mechanics of Fiber Composites | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Fracture Mechanics Concepts and Measures of Fracture Toughness | |
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| Fracture Toughness of Composite Laminates | |
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| Whitney-Nuismer Failure Criteria for Notched Composites | |
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| Joints for Composite Structures | |
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| Adhesively Bonded Joints | |
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| Mechanically Fastened Joints | |
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| Bonded-Fastened Joints | |
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| Exercise Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Performance of Fiber Composites: Fatigue, Impact, and Environmental Effects. | |
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| Fatigue | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Fatigue Damage | |
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| Factors Influencing Fatigue Behavior of Composites | |
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| Empirical Relations for Fatigue Damage and Fatigue Life | |
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| Fatigue of High-Modulus Fiber-Reinforced Composites | |
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| Fatigue of Short-Fiber Composites | |
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| Impact | |
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| Introduction and Fracture Process | |
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| Energy-Absorbing Mechanisms and Failure Models | |
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| Effect of Materials and Testing Variables on Impact Properties | |
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| Hybrid Composites and Their Impact Strength | |
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| Damage Due to Low-Velocity Impact | |
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| Environmental-Interaction Effects | |
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| Fiber Strength | |
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| Matrix Effects | |
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| Exercise Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Experimental Characterization of Composites. | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Measurement of Physical Properties | |
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| Density | |
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| Constituent Weight and Volume Fractions | |
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| Void Volume Fraction | |
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| Thermal Expansion Coefficients | |
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| Moisture Absorption and Diffusivity | |
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| Moisture Expansion Coefficients | |
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| Measurement of Mechanical Properties | |
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| Properties in Tension | |
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| Properties in Compression | |
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| In-Place Shear Properties | |
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| Flexural Properties | |
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| Measures of In-Plane Fracture Toughness | |
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| Interlaminar Shear Strength and Fracture Toughness | |
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| Impact Properties | |
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| Damage Identification Using Nondestructive Evaluation Techniques | |
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| Ultrasonics | |
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| Acoustic Emission | |
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| x-Radiography | |
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| Thermography | |
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| Laser Shearography | |
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| General Remarks on Characterization | |
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| Exercise Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Emerging Composite Materials. | |
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| Nanocomposites | |
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| Carbon-Carbon Composites | |
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| Biocomposites | |
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| Biofibers | |
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| Wood-Plastic Composites (WPCs | |
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| Biopolymers | |
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| Composites in ''Smart'' Structures | |
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| Suggested Reading | |
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| Matrices and Tensors. | |
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| Equations of Theory of Elasticity. | |
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| Laminate Orientation Code. | |
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| Properties of Fiber Composites. | |
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| Computer Programs for Laminate Analysis. | |
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| Index. | |