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Preface | |
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Abbreviations in the text | |
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Solar energy use in buildings | |
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Energy consumption of buildings | |
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Residential buildings | |
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Office and administrative buildings | |
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Air conditioning | |
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Meeting requirements by active and passive solar energy use | |
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Active solar energy use for electricity, heating and cooling | |
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Meeting heating energy requirements by passive solar energy use | |
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Solar irradiance | |
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Extraterrestrial solar irradiance | |
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Power and spectral distribution of solar irradiance | |
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Sun-Earth geometry | |
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Equator coordinates | |
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Horizon coordinates | |
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Sun-position diagrams | |
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The passage of rays through the atmosphere | |
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Statistical production of hourly irradiance data records | |
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Daily average values from monthly average values | |
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Hourly average values from daily average values | |
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Global irradiance and irradiance on inclined surfaces | |
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Direct and diffuse irradiance | |
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Conversion of global irradiance to inclined surfaces | |
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An isotropic diffuse irradiance model | |
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Diffuse irradiance model based on Perez | |
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Measurement techniques for solar irradiance | |
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Shading | |
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Solar thermal energy | |
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Solar-thermal water collectors | |
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Innovations | |
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System overview | |
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Thermal collector types | |
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Swimming pool absorbers | |
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Flat plate collectors | |
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Vacuum tube collectors | |
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Parabolic concentrating collectors | |
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System engineering for heating drinking-water | |
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The solar circuit and hydraulics | |
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Heat storage | |
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Piping and circulation losses | |
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System technology for heating support | |
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Large solar plants for heating drinking water with short-term stores | |
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Design of large solar plants | |
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Solar district heating | |
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Costs and economy | |
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Operational experiences and relevant standards | |
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Efficiency calculation of thermal collectors | |
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Temperature distribution of the absorber | |
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Collector efficiency factor F' | |
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Heat dissipation factor F[subscript R] | |
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Heat losses of thermal collectors | |
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Optical characteristics of transparent covers and absorber materials | |
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Storage modelling | |
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Solar air collectors | |
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System engineering | |
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Calculation of the available thermal power of solar air collectors | |
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Temperature-dependent material properties of air | |
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Energy balance and collector efficiency factor | |
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Convective heat transfer in air collectors | |
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Thermal efficiency of air collectors | |
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Design of the air circuit | |
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Collector pressure losses | |
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Air duct systems | |
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Solar cooling | |
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Open cycle desiccant cooling | |
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Introduction to the technology | |
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Coupling with solar thermal collectors | |
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Costs | |
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Physical and technological bases of sorption-supported air-conditioning | |
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Technology of sorption wheels | |
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Air-status calculations | |
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Dehumidifying potential of sorption materials | |
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Calculation of the sorption isotherms and isosteres of silica gel | |
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Calculation of the dehumidifying performance of a sorption rotor | |
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The technology of heat recovery | |
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Recuperators | |
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Regenerative heat exchangers | |
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Humidifier technology | |
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Design limits and climatic boundary conditions | |
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Demands on room temperatures and humidities | |
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Regeneration temperature and humidity | |
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Calculation of supply air status with different climatic boundary conditions | |
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Limits and application possibilities of open sorption | |
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Energy balance of sorption-supported air-conditioning | |
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Usable cooling power of open sorption | |
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Coefficients of performance and primary energy consumption | |
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Closed cycle adsorption cooling | |
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Technology and areas of application | |
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Costs | |
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Operational principle | |
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Energy balances and pressure conditions | |
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Evaporator | |
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Condenser | |
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The adsorption process | |
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Heating phase | |
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The desorption process | |
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Cooling phase | |
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Coefficients of performance | |
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Absorption cooling technology | |
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The absorption cooling process and its components | |
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Double-lift absorption cooling process | |
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Evaporator and condenser | |
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Absorber | |
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Generator | |
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Physical principles of the absorption process | |
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Vapour pressure curves of material pairs | |
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Refrigerant vapour concentration | |
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Eenrgy balances and performance figures of an absorption cooler | |
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Ideal performance figures | |
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Real performance figures and enthalpy balances | |
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Absorption technology and solar plants | |
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Grid-connected photovoltaic systems | |
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Structure of grid-connected systems | |
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Solar cell technologies | |
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Module technology | |
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Building integration and costs | |
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Energy production and the performance ratio of PV systems | |
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Energy amortisation times | |
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Physical fundamentals of solar electricity production | |
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Current-voltage characteristics | |
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Characteristic values and efficiency | |
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Curve fittings to the current-voltage characteristic | |
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Parameter adjustment from module data sheets | |
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Full parameter set calculation | |
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Simple explicit model for system design | |
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I-V characteristic addition and generator interconnecting | |
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PV performance with shading | |
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Bypass diodes and backwards characteristics of solar cells | |
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Simple temperature model for PV modules | |
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System engineering | |
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DC connecting | |
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Cable sizing | |
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System voltage and electrical safety | |
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String diodes and short-circuit protection | |
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Inverters | |
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Operational principle | |
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Electrical safety and mains monitoring | |
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Inverter efficiencies | |
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Power sizing of inverters | |
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Thermal analysis of building-integrated solar components | |
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Empirical thermal model of building-integrated photovoltaics | |
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Energy balance and stationary thermal model of ventilated double facades | |
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Heat transfer coefficients for the interior and facade air gap | |
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Building-integrated solar components (U- and g-values) | |
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Warm-air generation by photovoltaic facades | |
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Passive solar energy | |
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Passive solar use by glazings | |
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Total energy transmittance of glazings | |
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Heat transfer coefficients of windows | |
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New glazing systems | |
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Transparent thermal insulation | |
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Operational Principle | |
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Materials used and construction | |
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Construction principles of TWD systems | |
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Heat storage by interior building elements | |
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Component temperatures for sudden temperature increases | |
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Periodically variable temperatures | |
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Influence of solar irradiance | |
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Lighting technology and daylight use | |
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Introduction to lighting and daylighting technology | |
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Daylighting of interior spaces | |
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Luminance contrast and glare | |
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Solar irradiance and light flux | |
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Physiological-optical basics | |
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Photometric radiation equivalent | |
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Artificial light sources | |
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Luminance and illuminance | |
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Luminance and adaptation of the eye | |
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Distribution of the luminous intensity of artificial light sources | |
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Units and definitions | |
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Sky luminous intensity models | |
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Light measurements | |
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Daylight distribution in interior spaces | |
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Calculation of daylight coefficients | |
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References | |
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Index | |