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Preface | |
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Properties of Antennas | |
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Antenna Radiation | |
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Gain | |
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Effective Area | |
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Path Loss | |
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Radar Range Equation and Cross Section | |
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Why Use an Antenna? | |
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Directivity | |
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Directivity Estimates | |
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Pencil Beam | |
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Butterfly or Omnidirectional Pattern | |
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Beam Efficiency | |
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Input-Impedance Mismatch Loss | |
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Polarization | |
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Circular Polarization Components | |
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Huygens Source Polarization | |
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Relations Between Bases | |
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Antenna Polarization Response | |
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Phase Response of Rotating Antennas | |
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Partial Gain | |
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Measurement of Circular Polarization Using Amplitude Only | |
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Vector Effective Height | |
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Antenna Factor | |
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Mutual Coupling Between Antennas | |
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Antenna Noise Temperature | |
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Communication Link Budget and Radar Range | |
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Multipath | |
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Propagation Over Soil | |
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Multipath Fading | |
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References | |
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Radiation Structures and Numerical Methods | |
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Auxiliary Vector Potentials | |
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Radiation from Electric Currents | |
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Radiation from Magnetic Currents | |
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Apertures: Huygens Source Approximation | |
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Near- and Far-Field Regions | |
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Huygens Source | |
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Boundary Conditions | |
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Physical Optics | |
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Radiated Fields Given Currents | |
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Applying Physical Optics | |
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Equivalent Currents | |
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Reactance Theorem and Mutual Coupling | |
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Method of Moments | |
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Use of the Reactance Theorem for the Method of Moments | |
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General Moments Method Approach | |
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Thin-Wire Moment Method Codes | |
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Surface and Volume Moment Method Codes | |
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Examples of Moment Method Models | |
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Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method | |
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Implementation | |
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Central Difference Derivative | |
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Finite-Difference Maxwell's Equations | |
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Time Step for Stability | |
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Numerical Dispersion and Stability | |
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Computer Storage and Execution Times | |
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Excitation | |
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Waveguide Horn Example | |
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Ray Optics and the Geometric Theory of Diffraction | |
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Fermat's Principle | |
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H-Plane Pattern of a Dipole Located Over a Finite Strip | |
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E-Plane Pattern of a Rectangular Horn | |
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H-Plane Pattern of a Rectangular Horn | |
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Amplitude Variations Along a Ray | |
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Extra Phase Shift Through Caustics | |
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Snell's Laws and Reflection | |
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Polarization Effects in Reflections | |
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Reflection from a Curved Surface | |
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Ray Tracing | |
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Edge Diffraction | |
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Slope Diffraction | |
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Corner Diffraction | |
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Equivalent Currents | |
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Diffraction from Curved Surfaces | |
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References | |
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Arrays | |
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Two-Element Array | |
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Linear Array of N Elements | |
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Hansen and Woodyard End-Fire Array | |
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Phased Arrays | |
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Grating Lobes | |
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Multiple Beams | |
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Planar Array | |
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Grating Lobes in Planar Arrays | |
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Mutual Impedance | |
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Scan Blindness and Array Element Pattern | |
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Compensating Array Feeding for Mutual Coupling | |
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Array Gain | |
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Arrays Using Arbitrarily Oriented Elements | |
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References | |
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Aperture Distributions and Array Synthesis | |
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Amplitude Taper and Phase Error Efficiencies | |
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Separable Rectangular Aperture Distributions | |
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Circularly Symmetrical Distributions | |
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Simple Linear Distributions | |
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Taylor One-Parameter Linear Distribution | |
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Taylor n Line Distribution | |
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Taylor Line Distribution with Edge Nulls | |
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Elliott's Method for Modified Taylor Distribution and Arbitary Sidelobes | |
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Bayliss Line-Source Distribution | |
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Woodward Line-Source Synthesis | |
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Schelkunoff's Unit-Circle Method | |
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Dolph-Chebyshev Linear Array | |
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Villeneuve Array Synthesis | |
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Zero Sampling of Continuous Distributions | |
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Fourier Series Shaped-Beam Array Synthesis | |
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Orchard Method of Array Synthesis | |
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Series-Fed Array and Traveling-Wave Feed Synthesis | |
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Circular Apertures | |
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Circular Gaussian Distribution | |
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Hansen Single-Parameter Circular Distribution | |
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Taylor Circular-Aperture Distribution | |
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Bayliss Circular-Aperture Distribution | |
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Planar Arrays | |
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Convolution Technique for Planar Arrays | |
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Aperture Blockage | |
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Quadratic Phase Error | |
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Beam Efficiency of Circular Apertures with Axisymmetric Distribution | |
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References | |
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Dipoles, Slots, and Loops | |
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Standing-Wave Currents | |
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Radiation Resistance (Conductance) | |
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Babinet-Booker Principle | |
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Dipoles Located Over a Ground Plane | |
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Dipole Mounted Over Finite Ground Planes | |
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Corssed Dipoles for Circular Polarization | |
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Super Turnstile or Batwing Antenna | |
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Corner Reflector | |
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Monopole | |
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Sleeve Antenna | |
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Cavity-Mounted Dipole Antenna | |
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Folded Dipole | |
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Shunt Feeding | |
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Discone Antenna | |
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Baluns | |
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Folded Balun | |
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Sleeve or Bazooka Baluns | |
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Split Coax Balun | |
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Half-Wavelength Balun | |
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Candelabra Balun | |
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Ferrite Core Baluns | |
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Ferrite Candelabra Balun | |
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Transformer Balun | |
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Split Tapered Coax Balun | |
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Natural Balun | |
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Small Loop | |
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Alford Loop | |
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Resonant Loop | |
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Quadrifilar Helix | |
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Cavity-Backed Slots | |
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Stripline Series Slots | |
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Shallow-Cavity Crossed-Slot Antenna | |
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Waveguide-Fed Slots | |
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Rectangular-Waveguide Wall Slots | |
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Circular-Waveguide Slots | |
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Waveguide Slot Arrays | |
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Nonresonant Array | |
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Resonant Array | |
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Improved Design Methods | |
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References | |
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Microstrip Antennas | |
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Microstrip Antenna Patterns | |
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Microstrip Patch Bandwidth and Surface-Wave Efficiency | |
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Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna | |
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Quarter-Wave Patch Antenna | |
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Circular Microstrip Patch | |
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Circularly Polarized Patch Antennas | |
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Compact Patches | |
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Directly Fed Stacked Patches | |
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Aperture-Coupled Stacked Patches | |
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Patch Antenna Feed Networks | |
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Series-Fed Array | |
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Microstrip Dipole | |
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Microstrip Franklin Array | |
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Microstrip Antenna Mechanical Properties | |
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References | |
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Horn Antennas | |
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Rectangular Horn (Pyramidal) | |
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Beamwidth | |
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Optimum Rectangular Horn | |
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Designing to Given Beamwidths | |
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Phase Center | |
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Circular-Aperture Horn | |
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Beamwidth | |
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Phase Center | |
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Circular (Conical) Corrugated Horn | |
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Scalar Horn | |
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Corrugation Design | |
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Choke Horns | |
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Rectangular Corrugated Horns | |
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Corrugated Ground Plane | |
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Gaussian Beam | |
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Ridged Waveguide Horns | |
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Box Horn | |
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T-Bar-Fed Slot Antenna | |
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Multimode Circular Horn | |
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Biconical Horn | |
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References | |
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Reflector Antennas | |
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Paraboloidal Reflector Geometry | |
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Paraboloidal Reflector Aperture Distribution Losses | |
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Approximate Spillover and Amplitude Taper Trade-offs | |
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Phase Error Losses and Axial Defocusing | |
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Astigmatism | |
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Feed Scanning | |
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Random Phase Errors | |
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Focal Plane Fields | |
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Feed Mismatch Due to the Reflector | |
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Front-to-Back Ratio | |
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Offset-Fed Reflector | |
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Reflections from Conic Sections | |
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Dual-Reflector Antennas | |
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Feed Blockage | |
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Diffraction Loss | |
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Cassegrain Tolerances | |
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Feed and Subreflector Support Strut Radiation | |
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Gain/Noise Temperature of a Dual Reflector | |
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Displaced-Axis Dual Reflector | |
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Offset-Fed Dual Reflector | |
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Horn Reflector and Dragonian Dual Reflector | |
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Spherical Reflector | |
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Shaped Reflectors | |
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Cylindrical Reflector Synthesis | |
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Circularly Symmetrical Reflector Synthesis | |
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Doubly Curved Reflector for Shaped Beams | |
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Dual Shaped Reflectors | |
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Optimization Synthesis of Shaped and Multiple-Beam Reflectors | |
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References | |
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Lens Antennas | |
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Single Refracting Surface Lenses | |
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Zoned Lenses | |
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General Two-Surface Lenses | |
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Single-Surface or Contact Lenses | |
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Metal Plate Lenses | |
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Surface Mismatch and Dielectric Losses | |
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Feed Scanning of a Hyperboloidal Lens | |
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Dual-Surface Lenses | |
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Coma-Free Axisymmetric Dielectric Lens | |
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Specified Aperture Distribution Axisymmetric Dielectric Lens | |
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Bootlace Lens | |
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Luneburg Lens | |
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References | |
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Traveling-Wave Antennas | |
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General Traveling Waves | |
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Slow Wave | |
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Fast Waves (Leaky Wave Structure) | |
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Long Wire Antennas | |
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Beverage Antenna | |
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V Antenna | |
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Rhombic Antenna | |
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Yagi-Uda Antennas | |
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Multiple-Feed Yagi-Uda Antennas | |
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Resonant Loop Yagi-Uda Antennas | |
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Corrugated Rod (Cigar) Antenna | |
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Dielectric Rod (Polyrod) Antenna | |
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Helical Wire Antenna | |
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Helical Modes | |
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Axial Mode | |
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Feed of a Helical Antenna | |
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Long Helical Antenna | |
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Short Helical Antenna | |
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Short Backfire Antenna | |
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Tapered Slot Antennas | |
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Leaky Wave Structures | |
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References | |
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Frequency-Independent Antennas | |
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Spiral Antennas | |
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Modal Expansion of Antenna Patterns | |
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Archimedean Spiral | |
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Equiangular Spiral | |
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Pattern Analysis of Spiral Antennas | |
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Spiral Construction and Feeding | |
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Spiral Construction | |
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Balun Feed | |
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Infinite Balun | |
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Beamformer and Coaxial Line Feed | |
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Spiral and Beamformer Measurements | |
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Feed Network and Antenna Interaction | |
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Modulated Arm Width Spiral | |
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Conical Log Spiral Antenna | |
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Mode 2 Conical Log Spiral Antenna | |
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Feeding Conical Log Spirals | |
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Log-Periodic Antennas | |
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Log-Periodic Dipole Antenna | |
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Feeding a Log-Periodic Dipole Antenna | |
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Phase Center | |
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Elevation Angle | |
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Arrays of Log-Periodic Dipole Antennas | |
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Other Log-Periodic Types | |
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Log-Periodic Antenna Feeding Paraboloidal Reflector | |
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V Log-Periodic Array | |
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Cavity-Backed Planar Log-Periodic Antennas | |
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References | |
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Phased Arrays | |
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Fixed Phase Shifters (Phasers) | |
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Quantization Lobes | |
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Array Errors | |
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Nonuniform and Random Element Existence Arrays | |
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Linear Space Tapered Array | |
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Circular Space Tapered Array | |
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Statistically Thinned Array | |
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Array Element Pattern | |
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Feed Networks | |
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Corporate Feed | |
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Series Feed | |
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Variable Power Divider and Phase Shifter | |
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Butler Matrix | |
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Space Feeding | |
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Tapered Feed Network with Uniform-Amplitude Subarrays | |
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Pattern Null Formation in Arbitrary Array | |
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Phased Array Application to Communication Systems | |
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Near-Field Measurements on Phased Arrays | |