| |
| |
| Preface | |
| |
| |
| Acknowledgments | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Urbanization and Stormwater Runoff | |
| |
| |
| |
| Urban Hydrology, Hydraulics, and Stormwater Quality | |
| |
| |
| |
| Organization of the Book | |
| |
| |
| Problems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Rainfall for Designing Urban Drainage Systems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Hydrologic Description of Rainfall | |
| |
| |
| |
| Probabilistic Description of Rainfall | |
| |
| |
| |
| Return Period and Hydrologic Risk | |
| |
| |
| |
| Frequency Analysis | |
| |
| |
| |
| Intensity-Duration-Return Period Curves | |
| |
| |
| |
| Mathematical Intensity-Duration Relationships | |
| |
| |
| |
| Design Rainfall | |
| |
| |
| |
| Continuous Simulation and Single-Event Methods | |
| |
| |
| |
| Design Return Period | |
| |
| |
| |
| Design-Storm Duration and Depth | |
| |
| |
| |
| Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Design Rainfall | |
| |
| |
| |
| Construction of Design-Storm Hyetographs | |
| |
| |
| |
| Soil Conservation Service Method | |
| |
| |
| |
| Yen and Chow Method | |
| |
| |
| |
| Huff Method | |
| |
| |
| |
| Synthetic Block Hyetograph Method | |
| |
| |
| |
| Chicago Method | |
| |
| |
| Problems | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| |
| Rainfall Excess Calculations | |
| |
| |
| |
| Calculation of Rainfall Abstractions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Interception Storage | |
| |
| |
| |
| Infiltration | |
| |
| |
| |
| Depression Storage | |
| |
| |
| |
| Combined Loss Models | |
| |
| |
| |
| Soil Conservation Service Method | |
| |
| |
| |
| Other Combined Loss Models | |
| |
| |
| Problems | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| |
| Rainfall Excess and Open-Channel Flow in Urban Watersheds | |
| |
| |
| |
| Open-Channel Hydraulics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Basic Definitions | |
| |
| |
| |
| States of Open-Channel Flow | |
| |
| |
| |
| Open-Channel Flow Equations | |
| |
| |
| |
| Steady Gradually Varied Flow | |
| |
| |
| |
| Normal Flow | |
| |
| |
| |
| Open-Channel Rating Curve | |
| |
| |
| |
| Overland Flow | |
| |
| |
| |
| Kinematic-Wave Model | |
| |
| |
| |
| Overland Flow on Impervious Surfaces | |
| |
| |
| |
| Overland Flow on Pervious Surfaces | |
| |
| |
| |
| Channel Flow | |
| |
| |
| |
| Muskingum Method | |
| |
| |
| |
| Muskingum-Cunge Method | |
| |
| |
| |
| Muskingum-Cunge Method for Routing with Lateral Inflow | |
| |
| |
| |
| Modified Att-Kin Method | |
| |
| |
| Problems | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| |
| Calculation of Runoff Rates From Urban Watersheds | |
| |
| |
| |
| Basic Concepts | |
| |
| |
| |
| Elements of Urban Runoff Hydrographs | |
| |
| |
| |
| Definition of Time of Concentration | |
| |
| |
| |
| Calculation of Time of Concentration | |
| |
| |
| |
| SCS Time-of-Concentration Method | |
| |
| |
| |
| Kinematic Time-of-Concentration Formulas | |
| |
| |
| |
| Kirpich Formula | |
| |
| |
| |
| Unit Hydrograph Method | |
| |
| |
| |
| Unit Hydrograph Development | |
| |
| |
| |
| Application of the Unit Hydrograph Method | |
| |
| |
| |
| Soil Conservation Service Methods for Runoff Rate Calculations | |
| |
| |
| |
| TR-55 Graphical Peak Discharge Method | |
| |
| |
| |
| TR-55 Tabular Hydrograph Method | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Santa Barbara Urban Hydrograph Method | |
| |
| |
| |
| USGS Regression Equations | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Rational Method | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Kinematic-Rational Methods | |
| |
| |
| Problems | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| |
| Stormwater Drainage Structures | |
| |
| |
| |
| Drainage of Street Pavements | |
| |
| |
| |
| General Design Considerations | |
| |
| |
| |
| Flow in Gutters | |
| |
| |
| |
| Pavement Drainage Inlets | |
| |
| |
| |
| Pavement Drainage Inlet Locations | |
| |
| |
| |
| Storm Sewer Systems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Storm Sewer Hydraulics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Design Discharge for Storm Sewers | |
| |
| |
| |
| Sizing Storm Sewers | |
| |
| |
| |
| Hydraulic Grade Line Considerations | |
| |
| |
| |
| Storm Sewer System Design Calculations | |
| |
| |
| |
| Culverts | |
| |
| |
| |
| Inlet Control Flow | |
| |
| |
| |
| Outlet Control Flow | |
| |
| |
| |
| Sizing of Culverts | |
| |
| |
| |
| Design of Surface Drainage Channels | |
| |
| |
| |
| Design of Unlined Channels | |
| |
| |
| |
| Design of Grass-Lined Channels | |
| |
| |
| Problems | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Suggested Reading | |
| |
| |
| |
| Stormwater Detention for Quantity Management | |
| |
| |
| |
| Detention Basins | |
| |
| |
| |
| Stage-Storage Relationship | |
| |
| |
| |
| Stage-Discharge Relationship | |
| |
| |
| |
| Pond Routing | |
| |
| |
| |
| Pond-Routing Charts | |
| |
| |
| |
| Design of Detention Basins | |
| |
| |
| |
| Infiltration Practices | |
| |
| |
| |
| Capture Volume | |
| |
| |
| |
| Soil Textures | |
| |
| |
| |
| Infiltration Basins | |
| |
| |
| |
| Infiltration Trenches | |
| |
| |
| |
| Dry Wells | |
| |
| |
| |
| Porous Pavements | |
| |
| |
| Problems | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Suggested Reading | |
| |
| |
| |
| Urban Stormwater Pollution | |
| |
| |
| |
| Modeling Urban Stormwater Quality | |
| |
| |
| |
| Solids Buildup and Wash-off from Impervious Areas | |
| |
| |
| |
| Solids Wash-off from Pervious Surfaces | |
| |
| |
| |
| Wash-off of Pollutants Other than Solids | |
| |
| |
| |
| Pollutographs and Loadographs | |
| |
| |
| |
| Annual Pollutant Load Estimates | |
| |
| |
| |
| EPA Model for Annual Pollutant Loading Estimation | |
| |
| |
| |
| U.S. Geological Survey Model for Mean Annual Loads | |
| |
| |
| |
| Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments Method | |
| |
| |
| Problems | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| |
| Best Management Practices for Urban Stormwater Quality Control | |
| |
| |
| |
| Extended Detention Basins | |
| |
| |
| |
| Sizing Extended Detention Basins | |
| |
| |
| |
| Sizing Water Quality Outlet Devices | |
| |
| |
| |
| Additional Extended Detention Basin Design Considerations | |
| |
| |
| |
| Retention Basins | |
| |
| |
| |
| Permanent Pool Volume | |
| |
| |
| |
| Retention Basin Design Considerations | |
| |
| |
| |
| EPA Methodology for Analysis of Wet Pond Detention Basins | |
| |
| |
| |
| Water Quality Trenches | |
| |
| |
| |
| Sand Filters | |
| |
| |
| |
| Stormwater Wetlands | |
| |
| |
| |
| Other Vegetative BMPs | |
| |
| |
| |
| Grass Swales | |
| |
| |
| |
| Filter Strips | |
| |
| |
| |
| The National Stormwater BMP Database | |
| |
| |
| Problems | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| |
| Urban Stormwater Computer Models: HEC-HMS and EPA-SWMM | |
| |
| |
| |
| Hydrologic Modeling Overview and Watershed Delineation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Model Structure and Features of HEC-HMS | |
| |
| |
| |
| Technical Capabilities of HEC-HMS | |
| |
| |
| |
| HEC-HMS Example Problem | |
| |
| |
| |
| Structure and Features of EPA-SWMM | |
| |
| |
| |
| Technical Capabilities of EPA-SWMM | |
| |
| |
| |
| EPA-SWMM Example Problem | |
| |
| |
| |
| Model Calibration and Verification | |
| |
| |
| Problems | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Suggested Reading | |
| |
| |
| |
| Tabular Hydrograph Unit Discharges for SCS Type II Rainfall Distribution | |
| |
| |
| Index | |