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| Preface | |
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| Introduction and Review | |
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| Introduction to Ultrashort Laser Pulses | |
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| Brief Review of Electromagnetics | |
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| Maxwell's Equations | |
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| The Wave Equation and Plane Waves | |
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| Poynting's Vector and Power Flow | |
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| Review of Laser Essentials | |
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| Steady-State Laser Operation | |
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| Gain and Gain Saturation in Four-Level Atoms | |
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| Gaussian Beams and Transverse Laser Modes | |
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| Introduction to Ultrashort Pulse Generation Through Mode-Locking | |
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| Fourier Series and Fourier Transforms | |
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| Analytical Aspects | |
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| Computational Aspects | |
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| Problems | |
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| Principles of Mode-Locking | |
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| Processes Involved in Mode-Locking | |
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| Active Mode-Locking | |
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| Time-Domain Treatment | |
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| Frequency-Domain Treatment | |
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| Variations of Active Mode-Locking | |
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| Passive Mode-Locking Using Saturable Absorbers | |
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| Saturation Model | |
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| Slow Saturable Absorber Mode-Locking | |
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| Fast Saturable Absorber Mode-Locking | |
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| Solid-State Laser Model-Locking Using the Optical Kerr Effect | |
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| Nonlinear Refractive Index Changes | |
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| Self-Amplitude Modulation, Self-Phase Modulation, and Group Velocity Dispersion | |
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| Additive Pulse Mode-Locking | |
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| Kerr Lens Mode-Locking | |
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| Mode-Locking Solutions | |
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| Initiation of Mode-Locking | |
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| Problems | |
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| Ultrafast-pulse Measurement Methods | |
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| Terminology and Definitions | |
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| Electric Field Autocorrelation Measurements and the Power Spectrum | |
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| Electric Field Cross-Correlation Measurements and Spectral Interferometry | |
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| Electric Field Cross-Correlation | |
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| Spectral Interferometry | |
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| Application: Optical Coherence Tomography | |
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| Intensity Correlation Measurements | |
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| Correlation Measurements Using Second-Harmonic Generation | |
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| Experimental Procedures | |
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| Correlation Measurements Using Two-Photon absorption | |
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| Higher-Order Correlation Techniques | |
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| Chirped Pulses and Measurements in the Time-Frequency Domain | |
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| Frequency-Resolved Optical Gating | |
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| Polarization-Gating FROG | |
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| Self-Diffraction FROG | |
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| Second-Harmonic-Generation FROG | |
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| Frequency-Resolved Optical Gating Using Temporal Phase Modulation | |
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| Signal Recovery from FROG Traces | |
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| Pulse Measurements Based on Frequency Filtering | |
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| Single-Slit Approaches | |
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| Double-Slit Approach | |
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| Self-Referencing Interferometry | |
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| Time-Domain Interferometry of Chirped Pulses | |
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| Self-Referencing Spectral Interferometry | |
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| Characterization of Noise and Jitter | |
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| Problems | |
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| Dispersion and Dispersion Compensation | |
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| Group Velocity Dispersion | |
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| Group Velocity Definition and General Dispersion Relations | |
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| General Aspects of Material Dispersion | |
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| Temporal Dispersion Based on Angular Dispersion | |
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| Relation Between Angular and Temporal Dispersion | |
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| Angular Dispersion and Tilted Intensity Fronts | |
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| Dispersion of Grating Pairs | |
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| Dispersion of Prism Pairs | |
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| Dispersive Properties of Lenses | |
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| Dispersion of Mirror Structures | |
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| The Gires-Tournois Interferometer | |
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| Quarter-Wave Stack High Reflectors | |
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| Chirped Mirrors | |
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| Measurements of Group Velocity Dispersion | |
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| Interferometric Methods | |
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| Frequency-Domain Intracavity Dispersion Measurements | |
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| Appendix | |
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| Frequency-Dependent Phase Due to Propagation Through a Slab: Alternative Derivation | |
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| Impedance Method for Analysis of Dielectric Mirror Stacks | |
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| Problems | |
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| Ultrafast Nonlinear Optics: Second Order | |
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| Introduction to Nonlinear Optics | |
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| The Forced Wave Equation | |
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| Frequency-Domain Formulation | |
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| Time-Domain Formulation | |
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| Summary of Continuous-Wave Second-Harmonic Generation | |
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| Effect of Phase Matching | |
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| Phase Matching in Birefringent Media | |
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| Focusing Effects in Continuous-Wave SHG | |
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| Second-Harmonic Generation with Pulses | |
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| SHG in the Quasi-Continuous-Wave Limit | |
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| Ultrashort-Pulse SHG | |
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| Quasi-Phase Matching | |
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| Effect of Group Velocity Walk-off on SHG-Based Pulse Measurements | |
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| Three-Wave Interactions | |
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| Sum Frequency Generation | |
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| Difference Frequency Generation | |
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| Optical Parametric Amplification | |
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| Appendix | |
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| Spatial Walk-off and Pulse Fronts in Anisotropic Media | |
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| Velocity Matching in Broadband Noncollinear Three-Wave Mixing | |
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| Problems | |
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| Ultrafast Nonlinear Optics: Third Order | |
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| Propagation Equation for Nonlinear Refractive Index Media | |
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| Plane Waves in Uniform Media | |
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| Nonlinear Propagation in Waveguides | |
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| Optical Fiber Types | |
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| The Nonlinear Schröet;dinger Equation | |
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| Self-Phase Modulation | |
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| Dispersionless Self-Phase Modulation | |
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| Dispersionless Self-Phase Modulation with Loss | |
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| Self-Phase Modulation with Normal Dispersion | |
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| Cross-Phase Modulation | |
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| Pulse Compression | |
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| Modulational Instability | |
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| Solitons | |
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| Higher-Order Propagation Effects | |
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| Nonlinear Envelope Equation in Uniform Media | |
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| Nonlinear Envelope Equation in Waveguides | |
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| Delayed Nonlinear Response and the Raman Effect | |
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| Self-Steepening | |
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| Space-Time Focusing | |
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| Continuum Generation | |
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| Problems | |
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| Mode-Locking: Selected Advanced Topics | |
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| Soliton Fiber Lasers: Artificial Fast Saturable Absorbers | |
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| The Figure-Eight Laser | |
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| Energy Quantization | |
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| Soliton Sidebands | |
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| Soliton Mode-Locking: Active Modulation and Slow Saturable Absorbers | |
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| Harmonically Mode-Locked Soliton Fiber Lasers | |
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| The Net Gain Window in Soliton Mode-Locking | |
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| Stretched Pulse Mode-Locking | |
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| Stretched Pulse Mode-Locked Fiber Laser | |
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| Dispersion-Managed Solitons | |
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| Theoretical Issues | |
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| Mode-Locked Lasers in the Few-Cycle Regime | |
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| Mode-Locked Frequency Combs | |
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| Comb Basics | |
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| Measurement Techniques | |
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| Stabilization of Frequency Combs | |
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| Applications | |
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| Problems | |
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| Manipulation of Ultrashort Pulses | |
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| Fourier Transform Pulse Shaping | |
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| Examples of Pulse Shaping Using Fixed Masks | |
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| Programmable Pulse Shaping | |
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| Pulse-Shaping Theory | |
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| Other Pulse-Shaping Techniques | |
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| Direct Space-to-Time Pulse Shaping | |
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| Acousto-optic Dispersive Filters | |
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| Chirp Processing and Time Lenses | |
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| Space-Time Duality | |
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| Chirp Processing | |
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| Time Lens Processing | |
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| Ultrashort-Pulse Amplification | |
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| Amplification Basics | |
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| Special Issues in Femtosecond Amplifiers | |
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| Appendix | |
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| Fresnel Diffraction and Fourier Transform Property of a Lens | |
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| Wave Optics Model of a Grating | |
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| Problems | |
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| Ultrafast Time-Resolved Spectroscopy | |
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| Introduction to Ultrafast Spectroscopy | |
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| Degenerate Pump-Probe Transmission Measurements | |
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| Co-polarized Fields: Scalar Treatment | |
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| Vector Fields and Orientational Effects | |
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| Nondegenerate and Spectrally Resolved Pump-Probe: Case Studies | |
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| Femtosecond Pump-Probe Studies of Dye Molecules | |
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| Femtosecond Pump-Probe Studies of GaAs | |
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| Basic Quantum Mechanics for Coherent Short-Pulse Spectroscopies | |
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| Some Basic Quantum Mechanics | |
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| The Density Matrix | |
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| Wave Packets | |
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| Example: Semiconductor Quantum Wells | |
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| Molecules | |
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| Dephasing Phenomena | |
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| Linear Spectroscopies | |
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| Models of Dephasing | |
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| Measurement of Dephasing Using Transient Gratings | |
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| Two-Dimensional Spectroscopy | |
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| Impulsive Stimulated Raman Scattering | |
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| Problems | |
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| Terahertz Time-Domain Electromagnetics | |
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| Ultrafast Electromagnetics: Transmission Lines | |
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| Photoconductive Generation and Sampling | |
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| Electro-optic Sampling | |
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| Ultrafast Electromagnetics: Terahertz Beams | |
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| Generation and Measurement of Terahertz Pulses | |
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| Terahertz Spectroscopy and Imaging | |
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| Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |