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Notation and Constants | |
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Preface | |
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Acknowledgments | |
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Basic Optical Calculations | |
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Introduction | |
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Wave Propagation | |
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Calculating Wave Propagation in Real Life | |
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Detection | |
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Coherent Detection | |
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Interferometers | |
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Photon Budgets and Operating Specifications | |
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Postprocessing Strategy | |
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Sources and Illuminators | |
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Introduction | |
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The Spectrum | |
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Radiometry | |
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Continuum Sources | |
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Interlude: Coherence | |
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More Sources | |
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Incoherent Line Sources: Low-Pressure Discharges | |
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Using Low-Coherence Sources: Condensers | |
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Lasers | |
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Gas Lasers | |
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Solid-State Lasers | |
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Diode Lasers | |
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Laser Noise | |
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Diode Laser Coherence Control | |
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Optical Detection | |
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Introduction | |
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Signal-to-Noise Ratios | |
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Detector Figures of Merit | |
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Quantum Detectors | |
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Thermal Detectors | |
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Image Intensifiers | |
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Silicon Array Sensors | |
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How Do I Know Which Noise Source Dominates? | |
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Hacks | |
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Lenses, Prisms, and Mirrors | |
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Introduction | |
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Optical Materials | |
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Light Transmission | |
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Surface Quality | |
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Windows | |
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Pathologies of Optical Elements | |
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Fringes | |
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Mirrors | |
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Glass Prisms | |
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Prism Pathologies | |
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Lenses | |
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Complex Lenses | |
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Other Lenslike Devices | |
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Coatings, Filters, and Surface Finishes | |
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Introduction | |
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Metal Mirrors | |
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Transmissive Optical Coatings | |
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Simple Coating Theory | |
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Absorptive Filters | |
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Beam Dumps and Baffles | |
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White Surfaces and Diffusers | |
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Polarization | |
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Introduction | |
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Polarization of Light | |
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Interaction of Polarization with Materials | |
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Brewster Polarizers | |
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Absorption Polarizers | |
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Birefringent Polarizers | |
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Double-Refraction Polarizers | |
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TIR Polarizers | |
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Retarders | |
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Polarization Control | |
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Exotic Optical Components | |
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Introduction | |
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Gratings | |
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Grating Pathologies | |
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Types of Gratings | |
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Resolution of Grating Instruments | |
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Fine Points of Grating | |
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Holographic Optical Elements | |
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Retroreflective Materials | |
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Scanners | |
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Modulators | |
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Fiber Optics | |
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Introduction | |
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Fiber Characteristics | |
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Fiber Theory | |
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Fiber Types | |
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Other Fiber Properties | |
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Working with Fibers | |
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Fiber Devices | |
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Diode Lasers and Fiber Optics | |
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Fiber-Optic Sensors | |
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Intensity Sensors | |
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Spectrally Encoded Sensors | |
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Polarimetric Sensors | |
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Fiber Interferometers | |
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Multiple-Beam Interferometers | |
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Two-Beam Interferometers | |
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Phase and Polarization Stabilization | |
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Multiplexing and Smart Structures | |
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Optical Systems | |
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Introduction | |
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What Lenses Actually Do | |
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Diffraction | |
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Aberrations | |
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Representing Aberrations | |
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Optical Design Advice | |
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Practical Applications | |
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Illuminators | |
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Optical Measurements | |
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Introduction | |
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Grass on the Empire State Building | |
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Detection Issues: When Exactly Is Background Bad? | |
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Measuring the Right Thing | |
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Getting More Signal Photons | |
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Reducing the Background Fluctuations | |
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Optically Zero Background Measurements | |
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Electronically Zero Background Measurements | |
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Labeling Signal Photons | |
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Designing Electro-Optical Systems | |
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Introduction | |
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Do You Really Want to Do This? | |
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Very Basic Marketing | |
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Classes of Measurement | |
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Technical Taste | |
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Instrument Design | |
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Guiding Principles | |
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Design for Alignment | |
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Turning a Prototype into a Product | |
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Building Optical Systems | |
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Introduction | |
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Building What You Designed | |
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Assembling Lab Systems | |
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Alignment and Testing | |
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Optical Assembly and Alignment Philosophy | |
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Collimating Beams | |
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Focusing | |
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Aligning Beams with Other Beams | |
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Aligning On-Axis Elements | |
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Adhesives | |
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Cleaning | |
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Electronic Signal Processing | |
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Introduction | |
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Analog Signal Processing Theory | |
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Modulation and Demodulation | |
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Amplifiers | |
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Departures from Linearity | |
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Noise and Interference | |
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Frequency Conversion | |
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Filtering | |
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Signal Detection | |
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Reducing Interference and Noise | |
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Data Acquisition and Control | |
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Resources and Information | |
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Electronic Building Blocks | |
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Introduction | |
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Resistors | |
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Capacitors | |
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Transmission Lines | |
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Transmission-Line Devices | |
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Diodes and Transistors | |
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Signal Processing Components | |
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Digitizers | |
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Electronic Subsystem Design | |
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Introduction | |
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Design Approaches | |
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Perfection | |
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Feedback Loops | |
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Signal Detectors | |
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Calibration | |
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Filters | |
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Other Stuff | |
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More-Advanced Feedback Techniques | |
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Hints | |
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Linearizing | |
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Digital Control and Communication | |
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Bulletproofing | |
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Electronic Construction Techniques | |
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Introduction | |
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Circuit Strays | |
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Ground Plane Construction | |
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Technical Noise and Interference | |
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Product Construction | |
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Getting Ready | |
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Prototyping | |
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Surface Mount Prototypes | |
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Prototyping Filters | |
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Tuning: You Can't Optimize What You Can't See | |
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Digital Postprocessing | |
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Introduction | |
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Elementary Postprocessing | |
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Fourier Domain Techniques | |
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Power Spectrum Estimation | |
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Digital Filtering | |
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Deconvolution | |
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Resampling | |
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Fixing Space-Variant Instrument Functions | |
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Finite Precision Effects | |
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Pulling Data Out of Noise | |
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Phase Recovery Techniques | |
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Front Ends | |
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Introduction | |
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Photodiode Front Ends | |
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Key Idea: Reducing the Swing Across C[subscript d] | |
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Transimpedance Amplifiers | |
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Advanced Photodiode Front Ends | |
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Other Types of Front End | |
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Hints | |
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Bringing Up the System | |
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Introduction | |
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Avoiding Catastrophe | |
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Debugging and Troubleshooting | |
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Getting Ready | |
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Indispensable Equipment | |
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Digital Troubleshooting | |
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Analog Electronic Troubleshooting | |
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Troubleshooting Oscillations | |
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Other Common Problems | |
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Debugging and Troubleshooting Optical Subsystems | |
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Localizing the Problem | |
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Index | |