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Preface | |
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Basic Principles | |
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Introduction | |
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Emergence of Geoenvironmental Engineering | |
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Types of Geoenvironmental Problems | |
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Book Organization | |
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Summary | |
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Questions/Problems | |
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References | |
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Relevant Environmental Laws and Regulations | |
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Introduction | |
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Development of Laws and Regulations | |
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Federal Environmental Laws and Regulations | |
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State and Local Laws and Regulations | |
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Impact of Regulations on Geoenvironmental Practice | |
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Summary | |
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Questions/Problems | |
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References | |
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Chemical Background | |
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Introduction | |
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Toxic Chemicals | |
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Inorganic Chemistry Background | |
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Organic Chemistry Background | |
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Nuclear Chemistry Background | |
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Chemical Analysis Methods | |
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Summary | |
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Questions/Problems | |
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References | |
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Composition of Soils | |
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Introduction | |
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Soil Formation | |
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Soil Composition | |
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Soil Fabric | |
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Summary | |
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Questions/Problems | |
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References | |
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Soil Properties | |
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Introduction | |
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Geotechnical Properties | |
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Chemical Properties | |
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Summary | |
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Questions/Problems | |
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References | |
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Geochemistry Background | |
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Introduction | |
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Inorganic Geochemistry | |
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Organic Geochemistry | |
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Summary | |
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Questions/Problems | |
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References | |
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Groundwater Flow | |
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Introduction | |
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Hydrologic Cycle and Groundwater | |
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Aquifer, Aquiclude, and Aquitard | |
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Hydraulic Head and Aquifer Properties | |
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Groundwater Flow in Aquifers | |
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One-Dimensional Steady Flow | |
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Flow Toward a Pumping Well | |
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Pumping and Slug Testing | |
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Two- and Three-Dimensional Groundwater Flow | |
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Summary | |
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Questions/Problems | |
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References | |
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Contaminant Transport and Fate | |
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Introduction | |
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Transport Processes | |
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Chemical Mass Transfer Processes | |
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Biological Process (Biodegradation) | |
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Contaminant Transport and Fate Modeling | |
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Applications | |
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Summary | |
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Questions/Problems | |
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References | |
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Remediation Technologies | |
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Subsurface Contamination: Sources, Contaminants, Regulations, and Remedial Approach | |
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Introduction | |
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Sources of Contamination | |
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Types of Contaminants | |
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Relevant Regulations | |
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Other Considerations | |
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Remediation Approach | |
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Summary | |
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Questions/Problems | |
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References | |
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Contaminated Site Characterization | |
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Introduction | |
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General Methodology | |
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Preliminary Site Assessment | |
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Exploratory Site Investigation | |
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Detailed Site Investigation | |
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Expedited or Accelerated Site Characterization | |
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Summary | |
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Questions/Problems | |
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References | |
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Risk Assessment and Remedial Strategy | |
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Introduction | |
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Risk Assessment Procedures | |
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USEPA Procedure | |
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ASTM Procedure | |
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Other Risk Assessment Methods | |
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Remedial Strategy | |
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Questions/Problems | |
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References | |
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In-Situ Waste Containment | |
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Introduction | |
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Vertical Barriers | |
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Bottom Barriers | |
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Surface Caps or Covers | |
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Groundwater Pumping Systems | |
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Subsurface Drains | |
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Summary | |
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Questions/Problems | |
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References | |
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Soil Remediation Technologies | |
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Introduction | |
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Soil Vapor Extraction | |
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Soil Washing | |
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Stabilization and Solidification | |
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Electrokinetic Remediation | |
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Thermal Desorption | |
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Vitrification | |
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Bioremediation | |
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Phytoremediation | |
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Soil Fracturing | |
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Summary | |
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Questions/Problems | |
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References | |
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Groundwater Remediation Technologies | |
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Introduction | |
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Pump and Treat | |
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In-Situ Flushing | |
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Permeable Reactive Barriers | |
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In-Situ Air Sparging | |
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Monitored Natural Attenuation | |
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Bioremediation | |
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Summary | |
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Questions/Problems | |
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References | |
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Landfills and Surface Impoundments | |
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Sources and Characteristics of Wastes | |
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Introduction | |
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Sources of Wastes | |
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Classification of Wastes | |
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Waste Characterization | |
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Environmental Concerns with Wastes | |
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Waste Management Strategies | |
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Engineered Waste Disposal Facilities | |
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Summary | |
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Questions/Problems | |
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References | |
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Landfill Regulations, Siting, and Configurations | |
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Introduction | |
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Federal Regulations | |
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State and Local Regulations | |
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Siting Methodology | |
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Site Permit Application | |
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Landfill Configurations | |
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Summary | |
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Questions/Problems | |
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References | |
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Waste Containment Liner Systems | |
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Introduction | |
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Low-Permeability Soil Liners | |
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Geomembrane Liners | |
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Geotextiles | |
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Geosynthetic Clay Liners | |
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Geonets and Geocomposite Drains | |
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Geogrids | |
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Interface Strengths among Various Liner Components | |
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Manufacturing and Construction Quality Assurance | |
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Estimation of Leakage through Liner Systems | |
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Performance of Liners in Waste Containment Systems | |
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Summary | |
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Questions/Problems | |
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References | |
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Leachate Collection and Removal Systems and Liner Design | |
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Introduction | |
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Design Criteria | |
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Leachate Generation and Management | |
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Containment System Liner Design | |
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Summary | |
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Questions/Problems | |
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References | |
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Final Cover Systems | |
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Introduction | |
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Purpose and Design Criteria | |
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Regulatory Minimum Requirements | |
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Design Procedure | |
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Summary | |
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Questions/Problems | |
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References | |
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Gas Generation and Management | |
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Introduction | |
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Gas Generation Mechanisms | |
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Gas Characteristics | |
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Gas Production Rates | |
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Gas Migration | |
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Gas Collection Systems | |
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Gas Flaring and Energy Recovery | |
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Summary | |
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Questions/Problems | |
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References | |
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Groundwater Monitoring | |
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Introduction | |
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Regulatory Requirements | |
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Groundwater Monitoring Systems | |
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Detection Monitoring Program | |
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Assessment Monitoring Program | |
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Corrective Action Program | |
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Summary | |
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Questions/Problems | |
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References | |
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Surface Impoundments | |
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Introduction | |
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Regulatory Setting | |
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Liner Systems | |
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Surface Impoundment Design | |
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Cover Design | |
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Closure and Postclosure Care | |
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Summary | |
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Questions/Problems | |
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References | |
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Emerging Technologies | |
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Beneficial Use of Waste Materials: Recycling | |
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Introduction | |
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Types and Evaluation of Waste Materials | |
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Fly Ash | |
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Blast Furnace Slag | |
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Foundry Sand | |
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Papermill Sludge | |
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Municipal Sludge | |
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Incinerator Ash (Sewage Sludge Ash) | |
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Glass | |
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Plastics | |
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Scrap Tires | |
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Demolition Debris and Recycled Concrete | |
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Wood Wastes | |
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Summary | |
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Questions/Problems | |
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References | |
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End Uses of Closed Landfills | |
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Introduction | |
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Various End Uses of Closed Landfills | |
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Design Considerations | |
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Case Studies | |
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Summary | |
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Questions/Problems | |
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References | |
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Bioreactor Landfills | |
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Introduction | |
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Types and Advantages of Bioreactor Landfills | |
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Regulatory Issues | |
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Bioreactor Design | |
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Bioreactor Landfill Operations and Maintenance | |
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Case Studies | |
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Research Issues | |
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Summary | |
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Questions/Problems | |
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References | |
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Subaquatic Sediment Waste: In-Situ Capping | |
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Introduction | |
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Relevant Terminology and Definitions | |
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Site Evaluation | |
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Cap Design | |
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Construction and Monitoring | |
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Regulatory and Economic Considerations | |
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Case Studies | |
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Summary | |
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Questions/Problems | |
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References | |
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Index | |