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| Preface | |
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| Geographic Information Analysis and Spatial Data | |
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| Chapter Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Spatial Data Types | |
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| Scales for Attribute Description | |
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| GIS Analysis, Spatial Data Manipulation, and Spatial Analysis | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Chapter Review | |
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| References | |
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| The Pitfalls and Potential of Spatial Data | |
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| Chapter Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Bad News: The Pitfalls of Spatial Data | |
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| The Good News: The Potential of Spatial Data | |
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| Preview: The Variogram Cloud and the Semivariogram | |
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| Chapter Review | |
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| References | |
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| Fundamentals: Maps as Outcomes of Processes | |
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| Chapter Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Processes and the Patterns They Make | |
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| Predicting the Pattern Generated by a Process | |
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| More Definitions | |
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| Stochastic Processes in Lines, Areas, and Fields | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Chapter Review | |
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| References | |
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| Point Pattern Analysis | |
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| Chapter Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Describing a Point Pattern | |
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| Density-Based Point Pattern Measures | |
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| Distance-Based Point Pattern Measures | |
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| Assessing Point Patterns Statistically | |
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| Two Critiques of Spatial Statistical Analysis | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Chapter Review | |
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| References | |
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| Practical Point Pattern Analysis | |
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| Chapter Objectives | |
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| Point Pattern Analysis versus Cluster Detection | |
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| Extensions of Basic Point Pattern Measures | |
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| Using Density and Distance: Proximity Polygons | |
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| Note on Distance Matrices and Point Pattern Analysis | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Chapter Review | |
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| References | |
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| Lines and Networks | |
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| Chapter Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Representing and Storing Linear Entities | |
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| Line Length: More Than Meets the Eye | |
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| Connection in Line Data: Trees and Graphs | |
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| Statistical Analysis of Geographical Line Data | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Chapter Review | |
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| References | |
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| Area Objects and Spatial Autocorrelation | |
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| Chapter Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Types of Area Object | |
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| Geometric Properties of Areas | |
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| Spatial Autocorrelation: Introducing the Joins Count Approach | |
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| Fully Worked Example: The 2000 U.S. Presidential Election | |
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| Other Measures of Spatial Autocorrelation | |
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| Local Indicators of Spatial Association | |
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| Chapter Review | |
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| References | |
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| Describing and Analyzing Fields | |
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| Chapter Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Modeling and Storing Field Data | |
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| Spatial Interpolation | |
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| Derived Measures on Surfaces | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Chapter Review | |
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| References | |
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| Knowing the Unknowable: The Statistics of Fields | |
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| Chapter Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Review of Regression | |
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| Regression on Spatial Coordinates: Trend Surface Analysis | |
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| Statistical Approach to Interpolation: Kriging | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Chapter Review | |
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| References | |
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| Putting Maps Together: Map Overlay | |
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| Chapter Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Polygon Overlay and Sieve Mapping | |
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| Problems in Simple Boolean Polygon Overlay | |
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| Toward a General Model: Alternatives to Boolean Overlay | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Chapter Review | |
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| References | |
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| Multivariate Data, Multidimensional Space, and Spatialization | |
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| Chapter Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Multivariate Data and Multidimensional Space | |
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| Distance, Difference, and Similarity | |
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| Cluster Analysis: Identifying Groups of Similar Observations | |
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| Spatialization: Mapping Multivariate Data | |
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| Reducing the Number of Variables: Principal Components Analysis | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Chapter Review | |
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| References | |
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| New Approaches to Spatial Analysis | |
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| Chapter Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Geocomputation | |
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| Spatial Models | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Chapter Review | |
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| References | |
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| The Elements of Statistics | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Describing Data | |
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| Probability Theory | |
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| Processes and Random Variables | |
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| Sampling Distributions and Hypothesis Testing | |
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| Example | |
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| Reference | |
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| Matrices and Matrix Mathematics | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Matrix Basics and Notation | |
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| Simple Mathematics | |
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| Solving Simultaneous Equations Using Matrices | |
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| Matrices, Vectors, and Geometry | |
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| Reference | |
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| Index | |