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| List of Units | |
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| Preface | |
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| Ventilation for Control | |
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| Control Options | |
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| Ventilation for Control of Air Contaminants | |
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| Ventilation Applications | |
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| Case Studies | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| Principles of Airflow | |
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| Airflow | |
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| Density | |
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| Continuity Relation | |
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| Pressure | |
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| Pressure Units | |
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| Types of Pressure | |
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| Head | |
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| Elevation | |
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| Pressure Relationships | |
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| Reynolds Number | |
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| Losses | |
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| Frictional Losses | |
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| Shock Losses | |
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| Losses in Fittings | |
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| Expansions | |
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| Contractions | |
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| Elbows | |
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| Branch Entries (Junctions) | |
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| Summary | |
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| List of Symbols | |
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| Problems | |
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| Airflow Measurement Techniques | |
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| Measurement of Velocity by Pitot-Static Tube | |
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| Pressure Measurements | |
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| Velocity Profile in a Duct | |
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| Pitot-Static Traverse | |
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| Application of the Pitot-Static Tube and Potential Errors | |
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| Mechanical Devices | |
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| Rotating Vane Anemometers | |
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| Deflecting Vane Anemometers (Velometer) | |
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| Bridled Vane Anemometers | |
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| Heated-Element Anemometers | |
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| Other Devices | |
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| Vortex Shedding Anemometers | |
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| Orifice Meters | |
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| Venturi Meters | |
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| Hood Static Pressure Method | |
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| Calibration of Instruments | |
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| Observation of Airflow Patterns with Visible Tracers | |
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| Tracer Design | |
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| Application of Visible Tracers | |
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| List of Symbols | |
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| References | |
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| Manufacturers of Airflow Measuring Instruments | |
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| Manufacturers of Smoke Tubes | |
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| Problems | |
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| General Exhaust Ventilation | |
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| Limitations of Application | |
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| Equations for General Exhaust Ventilation | |
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| Variations in Generation Rate | |
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| Mixing | |
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| Inlet/Outlet Locations | |
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| Other Factors | |
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| Comparison of General and Local Exhaust | |
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| List of Symbols | |
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| References | |
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| Problems | |
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| Hood Design | |
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| Classification of Hood Types | |
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| Enclosures | |
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| Exterior Hoods | |
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| Receiving Hoods | |
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| Summary | |
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| Design of Enclosing Hoods | |
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| Design of Exterior Hoods | |
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| Determination of Capture Velocity | |
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| Determination of Hood Airflow | |
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| Exterior Hood Shape and Location | |
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| Design of Receiving Hoods | |
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| Canopy Hoods for Heated Processes | |
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| Hoods for Grinding Operations | |
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| Evaluation of Hood Performance | |
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| List of Symbols | |
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| References | |
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| Exterior Hood Centerline Velocity Models | |
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| Problems | |
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| Hood Designs for Specific Applications | |
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| Electroplating | |
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| Hood Design | |
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| Airflow | |
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| Spray Painting | |
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| Hood Design | |
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| Airflow | |
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| Processing and Transfer of Granular Material | |
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| Welding, Soldering, and Brazing | |
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| Chemical Processing | |
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| Chemical Processing Operations | |
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| Semiconductor Gas Cabinets | |
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| Entry Loss | |
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| Optimum Exhaust Rate | |
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| Low-Volume/High-Velocity Systems for Portable Tools | |
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| Calculation of Exhaust Rate for Open-Surface Tanks | |
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| Design of a Low-Volume/High-Velocity Exhaust System | |
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| List of Symbols | |
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| References | |
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| Chemical Laboratory Ventilation | |
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| Design of Chemical Laboratory Hoods | |
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| Vertical Sliding Sash Hoods | |
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| Horizontal Sliding Sash Hoods | |
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| Auxiliary Air Supply Hoods | |
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| Face Velocity for Laboratory Hoods | |
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| Special Laboratory Hoods | |
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| Laboratory Exhaust System Features | |
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| System Configuration | |
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| Construction | |
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| Factors Influencing Hood Performance | |
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| Layout of Laboratory | |
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| Work Practices | |
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| Energy Conservation | |
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| Reduce Operating Time | |
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| Limit Airflow | |
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| Design for Diversity | |
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| Heat Recovery | |
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| Ductless Laboratory Hoods | |
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| Performance of Laboratory Hoods | |
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| General Laboratory Ventilation | |
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| References | |
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| Problems | |
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| Design of Single-Hood Systems | |
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| Design Approach | |
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| Design of a Simple One-Hood System (Banbury Mixer Hood) | |
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| Design of a Slot Hood System for a Degreasing Tank | |
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| Loss Elements in a Complex Hood | |
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| Degreaser Hood Design Using Velocity Pressure Calculation Sheet (Example 8.2) | |
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| Pressure Plot for Single-Hood System | |
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| List of Symbols | |
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| Banbury Mixer System Designed by the Velocity Pressure Method | |
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| Degreaser System Designed by the Velocity Pressure Method | |
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| References | |
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| Metric Version of Example 8.1 | |
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| Problems | |
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| Design of Multiple-Hood Systems | |
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| Applications of Multiple-Hood Systems | |
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| Balanced Design Approach | |
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| Static Pressure Balance Method | |
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| Foundry Cleaning Room System (Example 9.1) | |
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| Electroplating Shop (Example 9.2) | |
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| Blast Gate Balance Method | |
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| Other Computational Methods | |
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| List of Symbols | |
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| Foundry Cleaning Room Designed by Static Pressure Balance Method | |
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| Electroplating Shop System Designed by Static Pressure Balance Method | |
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| References | |
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| Additional Reading | |
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| Metric Version of Example 9.1 | |
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| Fans and Blowers | |
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| Types of Air Movers | |
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| Axial Flow Fans | |
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| Centrifugal Fans | |
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| Air Ejectors | |
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| Fan Curves | |
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| Static Pressure Curve | |
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| Power Curve | |
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| Mechanical Efficiency Curve | |
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| Fan Laws | |
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| Relationship between Fan Curves and Fan Tables | |
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| Using Fans in Ventilation Systems | |
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| General Exhaust Ventilation Systems | |
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| Local Exhaust Ventilation Systems | |
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| Fan Selection Procedure | |
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| List of Symbols | |
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| References | |
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| Problems | |
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| Air-Cleaning Devices | |
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| Categories of Air-Cleaning Devices | |
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| Particle Removers | |
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| Gas and Vapor Removers | |
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| Matching the Air-Cleaning Device to the Contaminant | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Device Selection | |
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| Integrating the Air Cleaner and the Ventilation System | |
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| Gravity Settling Devices | |
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| Centrifugal Collectors | |
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| Filters | |
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| Electrostatic Precipitators | |
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| Scrubbers | |
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| Gas and Vapor Removers | |
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| List of Symbols | |
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| References | |
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| Problems | |
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| Replacement-Air Systems | |
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| Types of Replacement-Air Units | |
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| Need for Replacement Air | |
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| Quantity of Replacement Air | |
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| Delivery of Replacement Air | |
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| Replacement-Air System 1 (RAS-1), Melting Furnaces | |
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| Replacement-Air System 2 (RAS-2), Floor Casting | |
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| Replacement-Air System 3 (RAS-3), Sand Handling | |
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| Replacement-Air System 4 (RAS-4), Shakeout | |
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| Replacement Air for Heating | |
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| Energy Conservation and Replacement Air | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| Quantification of Hood Performance | |
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| Hood Airflow Measurements | |
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| Hood Capture Efficiency | |
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| Influence of Cross-Drafts on Hood Performance | |
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| Relationship between Airflow Patterns and Capture Efficiency | |
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| Shortcomings of the Centerline Velocity Approach | |
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| Use of Capture Efficiency in Hood Design | |
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| List of Symbols | |
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| References | |
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| Application of Computational Fluid Dynamics to Ventilation System Design | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Methods | |
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| Grid-Based Methods | |
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| Grid-Free Methods | |
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| Applications | |
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| Historical Perspectives | |
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| Current Progress | |
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| Issues on the Use of Computational Fluid Dynamics | |
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| Commercial Codes: Public-Domain Information | |
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| References | |
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| Appendix | |
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| Reentry | |
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| Airflow around Buildings | |
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| Measurement of Reentry | |
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| Calculation of Exhaust Dilution | |
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| Scale Model Measurement | |
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| Design to Prevent Reentry | |
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| Stack Height Determination | |
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| Good Engineering Practices for Stack Design | |
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| List of Symbols | |
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| References | |
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| Problems | |
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| Index | |