Molecular Orbitals and Organic Chemical Reactions

Name: Molecular Orbitals and Organic Chemical Reactions
Price: 46.03 USD
Availability: InStock
ISBN: 9780470746592

ISBN-10: 0470746599

ISBN-13: 9780470746592

Edition: 2009 (Student Manual, Study Guide, etc.)

Authors: Ian Fleming

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Description:

Molecular orbital theory is used by chemists to describe the arrangement of electrons in chemical structures. It is also a theory capable of giving some insight into the forces involved in the making and breaking of chemical bondsthe chemical reactions that are often the focus of an organic chemist's interest. Organic chemists with a serious interest in understanding and explaining their work usually express their ideas in molecular orbital terms, so much so that it is now an essential component of every organic chemist's skills to have some acquaintance with molecular orbital theory.Molecular Orbitals and Organic Chemical Reactions is both a simplified account of molecular orbital theory…

Book details

Copyright year: 2009
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Limited
Publication date: 11/20/2009
Binding: Paperback
Pages: 384
Size: 6.02" wide x 9.10" long x 0.74" tall
Weight: 1.364
Language: English

Ian Lancaster Fleming was born on May 28, 1908, in London, England. He attended Eton College and then the Royal Military College at Sandhurst. He left there after a year to go study languages in Munich and Geneva. Fleming served as the Moscow correspondent for the Reuters News Agency from 1929 till 1933. he then became a banker and a stockholder in London until the beginning of World War II. When the war began, Fleming became the personal assistant to the Director of British Naval Intelligence, where he learned most of his espionage terms. When the war was over, he worked as the foreign manager of The Sunday Times in London. Fleming wrote twelve James Bond novels, nearly all of which were…



Preface



Molecular Orbital Theory



The Atomic Orbitals of a Hydrogen Atom



Molecules made from Hydrogen Atoms



The H<sub>2</sub> Molecule



The H<sub>3</sub> Molecule



The H<sub>4</sub> ï¿½Moleculeï¿½



C-H and C-C Bonds



The Atomic Orbitals of a Carbon Atom



Methane



Methylene



Hybridisation



C-C ï¿½ Bonds and ï¿½ Bonds: Ethane



C=C ï¿½ Bonds: Ethylene



Conjugation-Hï¿½ckel Theory



The Allyl System



Butadiene



Longer Conjugated Systems



Aromaticity



Aromatic Systems



Antiaromatic Systems



The Cyclopentadienyl Anion and Cation



Homoaromaticity



Spiro Conjugation



Strained ï¿½ Bonds-Cyclopropanes and Cyclobutanes



Cyclopropanes



Cyclobutanes



Heteronuclear Bonds, C-M, C-X and C=O



Atomic orbital energies and electronegativity



C-X ï¿½ Bonds



C-M ï¿½ Bonds



C=O ï¿½ Bonds



Heterocyclic Aromatic Systems



The Tau Bond Model



Spectroscopic Methods



Ultraviolet Spectroscopy



Photoelectron Spectroscopy



Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy



Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy



Exercises



The Structures of Organic Molecules



The Effects of ï¿½ Conjugation



A Notation for Substituents



The Effect of Substituents on the Stability of Alkenes



The Effect of Substituents on the Stability of Carbocations



The Effect of Substituents on the Stability of Carbanions



The Effect of Substituents on the Stability of Radicals



Energy-Raising Conjugation



ï¿½ Conjugation-Hyperconjugation



C-H and C-C Hyperconjugation



C-M Hyperconjugation



Negative Hyperconjugation



The Configurations and Conformations of Molecules



Restricted Rotation in ï¿½-Conjugated Systems



Preferred Conformations from Conjugation in the ï¿½ Framework



Other Noncovalent Interactions



The Hydrogen Bond



Hypervalency



Polar Interactions, and van der Waals and other Weak Interactions



Exercises



Chemical Reactions-How Far and How Fast



Factors Affecting the Position of an Equilibrium



The Principle of Hard and Soft Acids and Bases (HSAB)



Transition Structures



The Perturbation Theory of Reactivity



The Salem-Klopman Equation



Hard and Soft Nucleophiles and Electrophiles



Other Factors Affecting Chemical Reactivity



Ionic Reactions-Reactivity



Single Electron Transfer (SET) in Ionic Reactions



Nucleophilicity



Heteroatom Nucleophiles



Solvent Effects



Alkene Nucleophiles



The ï¿½-Effect



Ambident Nucleophiles



Thiocyanate Ion, Cyanide Ion and Nitrite Ion (and the Nitronium Cation)



Enolate Ions



Allyl Anions



Aromatic Electrophilic Substitution



Electrophilicity



Trigonal Electrophiles



Tetrahedral Electrophiles



Hard and Soft Electrophiles



Ambident Electrophiles



Aromatic Electrophiles



Aliphatic Electrophiles



Carbenes



Nucleophilic Carbenes



Electrophilic Carbenes



Aromatic Carbenes



Exercises



Ionic Reactions-Stereochemistry



The Stereochemistry of the Fundamental Organic Reactions



Substitution at a Saturated Carbon



Elimination Reactions



Nucleophilic and Electrophilic Attack on a ï¿½ Bond



The Stereochemistry of Substitution at Trigonal Carbon



Diastereoselectivity



Nucleophilic Attack on a Double Bond with Diastereotopic Faces



Nucleophilic and Electrophilic Attack on Cycloalkenes



Electrophilic Attack on Open-Chain Double Bonds with Diastereotopic Faces



Diastereoselective Nucleophilic and Electrophilic Attack on Double Bonds Free of Steric Effects



Exercises



Thermal Pericyclic Reactions



The Four Classes of Pericyclic Reactions



Evidence for the Concertedness of Bond Making and Breaking



Symmetry-Allowed and Symmetry-Forbidden Reactions



The Woodward-Hoffmann Rules-Class by Class



The Generalised Woodward-Hoffmann Rule



Explanations for the Woodward-Hoffmann Rules



The Aromatic Transition Structure



Frontier Orbitals



Correlation Diagrams



Secondary Effects



The Energies and Coefficients of the Frontier Orbitals of Alkenes and Dienes



Diels-Alder Reactions



1,3-Dipolar Cycloadditions



Other Cycloadditions



Other Pericyclic Reactions



Periselectivity



Torquoselectivity



Exercises



Radical Reactions



Nucleophilic and Electrophilic Radicals



The Abstraction of Hydrogen and Halogen Atoms



The Effect of the Structure of the Radical



The Effect of the Structure of the Hydrogen or Halogen Source



The Addition of Radicals to ï¿½ Bonds



Attack on Substituted Alkenes



Attack on Substituted Aromatic Rings



Synthetic Applications of the Chemoselectivity of Radicals



Stereochemistry in some Radical Reactions



Ambident Radicals



Neutral Ambident Radicals



Charged Ambident Radicals



Radical Coupling



Exercises



Photochemical Reactions



Photochemical Reactions in General



Photochemical Ionic Reactions



Aromatic Nucleophilic Substitution



Aromatic Electrophilic Substitution



Aromatic Side-Chain Reactivity



Photochemical Pericyclic Reactions and Related Stepwise Reactions



The Photochemical Woodward-Hoffmann Rule



Regioselectivity of Photocycloadditions



Other Kinds of Selectivity in Pericyclic and Related Photochemical Reactions



Photochemically Induced Radical Reactions



Chemiluminescence



Exercises


References


Index