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| Preface | |
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| Understanding the physical universe | |
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| The programme of physics | |
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| The building blocks of matter | |
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| Matter in bulk | |
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| The fundamental interactions | |
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| Exploring the physical universe: the scientific method | |
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| The role of physics: its scope and applications | |
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| Using mathematical tools in physics | |
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| Applying the scientific method | |
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| The use of variables to represent displacement and time | |
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| Representation of data | |
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| The use of differentiation in analysis: velocity and acceleration in linear motion | |
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| The use of integration in analysis | |
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| Maximum and minimum values of physical variables: general linear motion | |
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| Angular motion: the radian | |
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| The role of mathematics in physics | |
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| Worked examples | |
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| Problems | |
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| The causes of motion: dynamics | |
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| The concept of force | |
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| The first law of dynamics (Newton's first law) | |
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| The fundamental dynamical principle (Newton's second law) | |
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| Systems of units: SI | |
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| Time dependent forces: oscillatory motion | |
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| Simple harmonic motion | |
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| Mechanical work and energy: power | |
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| Energy in simple harmonic motion | |
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| Dissipative forces: damped harmonic motion | |
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| Forced oscillations | |
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| Nonlinear dynamics: chaos | |
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| Worked examples | |
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| Problems | |
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| Motion in two and three dimensions | |
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| Vector physical quantities | |
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| Vector algebra | |
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| Velocity and acceleration vectors | |
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| Force as a vector quantity: vector form of the laws of dynamics | |
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| Constraint forces | |
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| Friction | |
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| Motion in a circle: centripetal force | |
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| Motion in a circle at constant speed | |
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| Tangential and radial components of acceleration | |
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| Hybrid motion: the simple pendulum | |
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| Angular quantities as vectors: the cross product | |
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| Worked examples | |
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| Problems | |
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| Force fields | |
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| Newton's law of universal gravitation | |
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| Force fields | |
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| The concept of flux | |
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| Gauss' law for gravitation | |
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| Motion in a constant uniform field: projectiles | |
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| Mechanical work and energy | |
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| Energy in a constant uniform field | |
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| Energy in an inverse square law field | |
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| Moment of a force: angular momentum | |
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| Planetary motion: circular orbits | |
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| Planetary motion: elliptical orbits and Kepler's laws | |
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| Worked examples | |
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| Problems | |
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| Many-body interactions | |
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| Newton's third law | |
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| The principle of conservation of momentum | |
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| Mechanical energy of a system of particles | |
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| Particle decay | |
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| Particle collisions | |
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| The centre of mass of a system | |
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| The two-body problem: reduced mass | |
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| Angular momentum of a system of particles | |
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| Conservation principles in physics | |
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| Worked examples | |
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| Problems | |
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| Rigid body dynamics | |
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| Rigid bodies | |
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| Rigid bodies in equilibrium: statics | |
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| Torque | |
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| Dynamics of rigid bodies | |
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| Measurement of torque: the torsion balance | |
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| Rotation of a rigid body about a fixed axis: moment of inertia | |
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| Calculation of moments of inertia: the parallel axis theorem | |
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| Conservation of angular momentum of rigid bodies | |
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| Conservation of mechanical energy in rigid body systems | |
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| Work done by a torque: torsional oscillations: rotational power | |
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| Gyroscopic motion | |
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| Summary: connection between rotational and translational motions | |
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| Worked examples | |
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| Problems | |
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| Relative motion | |
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| Applicability of Newton's laws of motion: inertial reference frames | |
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| The Galilean transformation | |
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| The CM (centre-of-mass) reference frame | |
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| Example of a noninertial frame: centrifugal force | |
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| Motion in a rotating frame: the Coriolis force | |
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| The Foucault pendulum | |
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| Practical criteria for inertial frames: the local view | |
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| Worked examples | |
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| Problems | |
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| Special relativity | |
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| The velocity of light | |
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| The principle of relativity | |
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| Consequences of the principle of relativity | |
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| The Lorentz transformation | |
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| The Fitzgerald-Lorentz contraction | |
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| Time dilation | |
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| Paradoxes in special relativity | |
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| Relativistic transformation of velocity | |
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| Momentum in relativistic mechanics | |
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| Four-vectors: the energy-momentum 4-vector | |
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| Energy-momentum transformations: relativistic energy conservation | |
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| Relativistic energy: mass-energy equivalence | |
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| Units in relativistic mechanics | |
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| Mass-energy equivalence in practice | |
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| General relativity | |
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| Simultaneity: quantitative analysis of the twin paradox | |
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| Worked examples | |
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| Problems | |
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| Continuum mechanics: mechanical properties of materials | |
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| Dynamics of continuous media | |
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| Elastic properties of solids | |
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| Fluids at rest | |
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| Elastic properties of fluids | |
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| Pressure in gases | |
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| Archimedes' principle | |
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| Fluid dynamics | |
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| Viscosity | |
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| Surface properties of liquids | |
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| Boyle's law (Mariotte's law) | |
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| A microscopic theory of gases | |
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| The mole | |
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| Interatomic forces: modifications to the kinetic theory of gases | |
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| Microscopic models of condensed matter systems | |
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| Worked examples | |
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| Problems | |
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| Thermal physics | |
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| Friction and heating | |
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| Temperature scales | |
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| Heat capacities of thermal systems | |
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| Comparison of specific heat capacities: calorimetry | |
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| Thermal conductivity | |
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| Convection | |
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| Thermal radiation | |
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| Thermal expansion | |
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| The first law of thermodynamics | |
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| Change of phase: latent heat | |
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| The equation of state of an ideal gas | |
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| Isothermal, isobaric and adiabatic processes: free expansion | |
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| The Carnot cycle | |
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| Entropy and the second law of thermodynamics | |
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| The Helmholtz and Gibbs functions | |
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| Microscopic interpretation of temperature | |
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| Polyatomic molecules: principle of equipartition of energy | |
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| Ideal gas in a gravitational field: the 'law of atmospheres' | |
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| Ensemble averages and distribution functions | |
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| The distribution of molecular velocities in an ideal gas | |
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| Distribution of molecular speeds, momenta and energies | |
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| Microscopic interpretation of temperature and heat capacity in solids | |
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| Worked examples | |
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| Problems | |
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| Wave Motion | |
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| Characteristics of wave motion | |
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| Representation of a wave which is travelling in one dimension | |
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| Energy and power in a wave motion | |
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| Plane and spherical waves | |
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| Huygen's principle: the laws of reflection and refraction | |
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| Interference between waves | |
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| Interference of waves passing through openings: diffraction | |
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| Standing waves | |
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| The Doppler effect | |
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| The wave equation | |
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| Waves along a string | |
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| Waves in elastic media: longitudinal waves in a solid rod | |
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| Waves in elastic media: sound waves in gases | |
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| Superposition of two waves of slightly different frequencies: wave and group velocities | |
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| Other waveforms: Fourier analysis | |
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| Worked examples | |
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| Problems | |
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| Introduction to quantum mechanics | |
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| Physics at the beginning of the twentieth century | |
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| The blackbody radiation problem | |
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| The photoelectric effect | |
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| The X-ray continuum | |
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| The Compton effect: the photon model | |
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| The de Broglie hypothesis: electron waves | |
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| Interpretation of wave-particle duality | |
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| The Heisenberg uncertainty principle | |
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| The wavefunction: expectation values | |
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| The Schr�dinger (wave mechanical) method | |
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| The free particle | |
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| The time-independent Shr�dinger equation: eigenfunctions and eigenvalues | |
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| The infinite square potential well | |
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| The potential step | |
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| Other potential wells and barriers | |
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| The simple harmonic oscillator | |
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| Further implications of quantum mechanics | |
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| Worked examples | |
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| Problems | |
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| Electric currents | |
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| Electric currents | |
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| Force between currents | |
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| The unit of electric current | |
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| Heating effect revisited: electrical resistance | |
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| Strength of a power supply: emf | |
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| Resistance of a circuit | |
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| Potential difference | |
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| Effect of internal resistance | |
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| Comparison of emfs: the potentiometer | |
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| Multiloop circuits | |
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| Kirchhoff's rules | |
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| Comparison of resistances: the Wheatstone bridge | |
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| Power supplies connected in parallel | |
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| Resistivity | |
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| Variation of resistance with temperature | |
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| Worked examples | |
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| Problems | |
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| Electric fields | |
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| The electric charge model | |
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| Interpretation of electric current in terms of charge | |
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| Electric fields: electric field strength | |
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| Force between point charges: Coulomb's law | |
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| Electric flux and electric flux density | |
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| Electric fields due to systems of point charges | |
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| Gauss' law for electrostatics | |
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| Potential difference in electric fields: electric potential | |
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| Acceleration of charged particles | |
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| Dielectric materials | |
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| Capacitors | |
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| Capacitors in series and in parallel | |
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| Charge and discharge of a capacitor through a resistor | |
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| Worked examples | |
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| Problems | |
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| Magnetic fields | |
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| Magnetism | |
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| The work of Amp�re, Biot and Savart | |
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| Magnetic pole strength | |
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| Magnetic field strength | |
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| Amp�re's law | |
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| The Biot-Savart law | |
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| Applications of the Biot-Savart law | |
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| Magnetic flux and magnetic flux density | |
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| Magnetic fields due to systems of poles | |
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| Forces between magnets | |
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| Forces between currents and magnets | |
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| The permeability of vacuum | |
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| Current loop in a magnetic field | |
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| Magnetic dipoles and magnetic materials | |
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| Moving coil meters and electric motors | |
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| Magnetic fields due to moving charges | |
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| Force on an electric charge in a magnetic field | |
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| Magnetic dipole moments of charged particles in closed orbits | |
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| Electric and magnetic fields in moving reference frames | |
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| Worked examples | |
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| Problems | |
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| Electromagnetic induction: time-varying emfs | |
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| The principle of electromagnetic induction | |
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| Simple applications of electromagnetic induction | |
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| Self-inductance | |
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| The series L-R circuit | |
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| Discharge of a capacitor through an inductor and resistor | |
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| Time-varying emfs: mutual inductance: transformers | |
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| Alternating current (a.c.) | |
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| Alternating current transformers | |
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| Resistance, capacitance and inductance in a.c. circuits | |
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| The series L-C-R circuit: phasor diagrams | |
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| Power in an a.c. circuit | |
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| Worked examples | |
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| Problems | |
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| Maxwell's equations: electromagnetic radiation | |
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| Reconsideration of the laws of electromagnetism: Maxwell's equations | |
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| Plane electromagnetic waves | |
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| Experimental observation of electromagnetic radiation | |
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| The electromagnetic spectrum | |
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| Polarisation of electromagnetic waves | |
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| Energy, momentum and angular momentum in electromagnetic waves | |
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| Reflection of electromagnetic waves at an interface between nonconducting media | |
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| Electromagnetic waves in a conducting medium | |
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| The photon model revisited | |
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| Invariance of electromagnetism under the Lorentz transformation | |
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| Worked examples | |
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| Problems | |
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| Optics | |
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| Electromagnetic nature of light | |
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| Coherence: the laser | |
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| Diffraction at a single slit | |
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| Two slit interference and diffraction: Young's double slit experiment | |
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| Multiple slit interference: the diffraction grating | |
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| Diffraction of X-rays: Bragg scattering | |
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| The ray model: geometrical optics | |
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| Reflection of light | |
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| Image formation by spherical mirrors | |
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| Refraction of light | |
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| Refraction at successive plane interfaces | |
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| Image formation by spherical lenses | |
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| Image formation of extended objects: magnification | |
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| Dispersion of light | |
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| Worked examples | |
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| Problems | |
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| Atomic physics | |
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| Atomic models | |
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| The spectrum of hydrogen: the Rydberg formula | |
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| The Bohr postulates | |
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| The Bohr theory of the hydrogen atom | |
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| The quantum mechanical (Schr�dinger) solution of the one-electron atom | |
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| The radial solutions of the lowest energy state of hydrogen | |
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| Interpretation of the one-electron atom eigenfunctions | |
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| Intensities of spectral lines: selection rules | |
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| Quantisation of angular momentum | |
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| Magnetic effects in one-electron atoms: the Zeeman effect | |
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| The Stern-Gerlach experiment: electron spin | |
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| The spin-orbit interaction | |
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| Identical particles in quantum mechanics: the Pauli exclusion principle | |
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| The periodic table: multielectron atoms | |
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| The theory of multielectron atoms | |
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| Further uses of the solutions of the one-electron atom | |
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| Worked examples | |
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| Problems | |
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| Electrons in solids: quantum statistics | |
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| Bonding in molecules and solids | |
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| The classical free electron model of solids | |
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| The quantum mechanical free electron model of solids: Fermi energy | |
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| The electron energy distribution at 0 K | |
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| Electron energy distributions at T > 0 K | |
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| Specific heat and conductivity in the quantum free electron model | |
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| The band theory of solids | |
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| Semiconductors | |
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| Junctions in conductors and semiconductors: p-n junctions | |
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| The transistor | |
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| The Hall effect | |
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| Quantum statistics: systems of bosons | |
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| Superconductivity | |
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| Worked examples | |
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| Problems | |
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| Nuclear physics, particle physics and astrophysics | |
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| Properties of atomic nuclei | |
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| Nuclear binding energies | |
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| Nuclear models | |
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| Radioactivity | |
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| a-, b- and g-decay | |
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| Detection of radiation: units of radioactivity | |
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| Nuclear reactions | |
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| Nuclear fission and nuclear fusion | |
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| Fission reactors | |
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| Thermonuclear fusion | |
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| Subnuclear particles | |
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| The quark model | |
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| The physics of stars | |
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| The origin of the Universe | |
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| Worked examples | |
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| Problems | |
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| Answers to problems | |
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| Mathematical rules and formulas | |
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| Some fundamental physical constants | |
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| Some astrophysical and geophysical data | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Index | |
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| Inside front cover: Summary of notations used in text | |
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| Inside back cover: The periodic table (Appendix D) | |