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| Preface | |
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| Preface to the first edition | |
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| Contents | |
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| What this book is about and who should read it | |
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| How this book is organized | |
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| Scope and limitations | |
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| Context and further reading | |
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| On-line resources | |
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| Abbreviations and acronyms | |
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| Setting the scene | |
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| NMR frequencies and chemical shifts | |
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| Linewidths, lineshapes and integrals | |
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| Scalar coupling | |
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| The basic NMR experiment | |
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| Frequency, oscillations and rotations | |
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| Photons | |
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| Further reading | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Energy levels and NMR spectra | |
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| The problem with the energy level approach | |
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| Introducing quantum mechanics | |
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| The spectrum from one spin | |
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| Writing the Hamiltonian in frequency units | |
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| The energy levels for two coupled spins | |
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| The spectrum from two coupled spins | |
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| Three spins | |
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| Further reading | |
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| Exercises | |
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| The vector model | |
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| The bulk magnetization | |
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| Larmor precession | |
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| Detection | |
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| Pulses | |
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| On-resonance pulses | |
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| Detection in the rotating frame | |
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| The basic pulse-acquire experiment | |
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| Pulse calibration | |
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| The spin echo | |
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| Pulses of different phases | |
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| Off-resonance effects and soft pulses | |
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| Further reading | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Fourier transformation and data processing | |
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| How the Fourier transform works | |
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| Representing the FID | |
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| Lineshapes and phase | |
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| Manipulating the FID and the spectrum | |
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| Zero filling | |
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| Truncation | |
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| Further reading | |
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| Exercises | |
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| The quantum mechanics of one spin | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Superposition states | |
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| Some quantum mechanical tools | |
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| Computing the bulk magnetization | |
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| Time evolution | |
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| RF pulses | |
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| Making faster progress: the density operator | |
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| Coherence | |
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| Further reading | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Product operators | |
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| Operators for one spin | |
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| Analysis of pulse sequences for a one-spin system | |
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| Speeding things up | |
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| Operators for two spins | |
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| In-phase and anti-phase terms | |
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| Hamiltonians for two spins | |
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| Notation for heteronuclear spin systems | |
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| Spin echoes and J-modulation | |
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| Coherence transfer | |
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| The INEPT experiment | |
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| Selective COSY | |
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| Coherence order and multiple-quantum coherences | |
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| Further reading | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Two-dimensional NMR | |
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| The general scheme for two-dimensional NMR | |
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| Modulation and lineshapes | |
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| COSY | |
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| Double-quantum filtered COSY (DQF COSY) | |
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| Double-quantum spectroscopy | |
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| Heteronuclear correlation spectra | |
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| HSQC | |
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| HMQC | |
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| Long-range correlation: HMBC | |
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| HETCOR | |
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| TOCSY | |
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| Frequency discrimination and lineshapes | |
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| Further reading | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Relaxation and the NOE | |
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| The origin of relaxation | |
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| Relaxation mechanisms | |
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| Describing random motion - the correlation time | |
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| Populations | |
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| Longitudinal relaxation behaviour of isolated spins | |
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| Longitudinal dipolar relaxation of two spins | |
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| The NOE | |
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| Transverse relaxation | |
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| Homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadening | |
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| Relaxation due to chemical shift anisotropy | |
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| Cross correlation | |
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| Further reading | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Advanced topics in two-dimensional NMR | |
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| Product operators for three spins | |
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| COSY for three spins | |
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| Reduced multiplets in COSY spectra | |
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| Polarization operators | |
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| ZCOSY | |
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| HMBC | |
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| Sensitivity-enhanced experiments | |
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| Constant time experiments | |
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| TROSY | |
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| Double-quantum spectroscopy of a three-spin system | |
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| Further reading | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Coherence selection: phase cycling and field gradient pulses | |
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| Coherence order | |
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| Coherence transfer pathways | |
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| Frequency discrimination and lineshapes | |
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| The receiver phase | |
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| Introducing phase cycling | |
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| Some phase cycling 'tricks' | |
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| Axial peak suppression | |
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| CYCLOPS | |
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| Examples of practical phase cycles | |
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| Concluding remarks about phase cycling | |
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| Introducing field gradient pulses | |
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| Features of selection using gradients | |
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| Using gradient pulses for coherence pathway selection | |
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| Advantages and disadvantages of coherence selection with gradients | |
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| Suppression of zero-quantum coherence | |
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| Selective excitation with the aid of gradients | |
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| Further reading | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Equivalent spins and spin system analysis | |
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| Strong coupling in a two-spin system | |
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| Chemical and magnetic equivalence | |
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| Product operators for AXn (InS) spin systems | |
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| Spin echoes in InS spin systems | |
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| INEPT in InS spin systems | |
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| DEPT | |
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| Spin system analysis | |
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| Further reading | |
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| Exercises | |
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| How the spectrometer works | |
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| The magnet | |
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| The probe | |
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| The transmitter | |
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| The receiver | |
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| Digitizing the signal | |
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| Quadrature detection | |
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| The pulse programmer | |
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| Further reading | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Some mathematical topics | |
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| The exponential function and logarithms | |
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| Complex numbers | |
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| Trigonometric identities | |
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| Further reading | |
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| Index | |