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About the Author | |
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Preface | |
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Perspective | |
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Analog, Digital and Mixed-mode Signal Processing | |
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Digital Signal Processing | |
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Moore's Law and the "Cleverness" Factor | |
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System on a Chip | |
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Analog and Mixed-mode Signal Processing | |
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Scope | |
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Analog (Continuous-Time) And Digital Signal Processing | |
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Analog Continuous-time Signals and Systems | |
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Introduction | |
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The Fourier Series in Signal Analysis and Function Approximation | |
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Definitions | |
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The Time and Discrete Frequency Domains | |
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Convolution | |
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Parseval's Theorem and Power Spectrum | |
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The Gibbs' Phenomenon | |
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Window Functions | |
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The Fourier Transformation and Generalized Signals | |
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Definitions and Properties | |
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Parseval's Theorem and Energy Spectra | |
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Correlation Functions | |
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The Unit Impulse and Generalized Signals | |
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The Impulse Response and System Function | |
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Periodic Signals | |
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The Uncertainty Principle | |
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The Laplace Transform and Analog Systems | |
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The Complex Frequency | |
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Properties of the Laplace Transform | |
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The System Function | |
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Elementary Signal Processing Building Blocks | |
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Realization of the Elementary Building Blocks using Operational Amplifier Circuits | |
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Realization of Analog System Functions | |
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General Principles and the Use of Op Amp Circuits | |
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Realization Using OTAs and Gm - C Circuits | |
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Conclusion | |
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Problems | |
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Design of Analog Filters | |
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Introduction | |
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Ideal Filters | |
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Amplitude-oriented Design | |
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Maximally Flat Response in both Pass-band and Stop-band | |
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Chebyshev Response | |
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Elliptic Function Response | |
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Frequency Transformations | |
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Low-pass to Low-pass Transformation | |
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Low-pass to High-pass Transformation | |
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Low-pass to Band-pass Transformation | |
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Low-pass to Band-stop Transformation | |
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Examples | |
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Phase-oriented Design | |
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Phase and Delay Functions | |
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Maximally Flat Delay Response | |
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Passive Filters | |
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Active Filters | |
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Use of MATLAB� for the Design of Analog Filters | |
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Butterworth Filters | |
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Chebyshev Filters | |
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Elliptic Filters | |
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Bessel Filters | |
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Examples of the use of MATLAB� | |
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A Comprehensive Application: Pulse Shaping for Data Transmission | |
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Conclusion | |
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Problems | |
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Discrete Signals and Systems | |
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Introduction | |
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Digitization of Analog Signals | |
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Sampling | |
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Quantization and Encoding | |
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Discrete Signals and Systems | |
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Digital Filters | |
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Conclusion | |
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Problems | |
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Design of Digital Filters | |
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Introduction | |
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General Considerations | |
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Amplitude-oriented Design of IIR Filters | |
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Low-pass Filters | |
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High-pass Filters | |
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Band-pass Filters | |
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Band-stop Filters | |
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Phase-oriented Design of IIR Filters | |
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General Considerations | |
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Maximally Flat Group-delay Response | |
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FIR Filters | |
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The Exact Linear Phase Property | |
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Fourier-coefficient Filter Design | |
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Monotonic Amplitude Response with the Optimum Number of Constraints | |
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Optimum Equiripple Response in both Passband and Stopband | |
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Comparison Between IIR and FIR Filters | |
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Use of MATLAB� for the Design of Digital Filters | |
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Butterworth IIR Filters | |
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Chebyshev IIR Filters | |
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Elliptic IIR Filters | |
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Realization of the Filter | |
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Linear Phase FIR Filters | |
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A Comprehensive Application: Pulse Shaping for Data Transmission | |
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Optimal Design | |
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Use of MATLAB� for the Design of Data Transmission Filters | |
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Conclusion | |
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Problems | |
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The Fast Fourier Transform and its Applications | |
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Introduction | |
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Periodic Signals | |
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Non-periodic Signals | |
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The Discrete Fourier Transform | |
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The Fast Fourier Transform Algorithms | |
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Decimation-in-time Fast Fourier Transform | |
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Decimation-in-frequency Fast Fourier Transform | |
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Radix 4 Fast Fourier Transform | |
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Properties of the Discrete Fourier Transform | |
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Linearity | |
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Circular Convolution | |
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Shifting | |
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Symmetry and Conjugate Pairs | |
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Parseval's Relation and Power Spectrum | |
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Circular Correlation | |
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Relation to the z -transform | |
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Spectral Analysis Using the FFT | |
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Evaluation of the Fourier Integral | |
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Evaluation of the Fourier Coefficients | |
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Spectral Windows | |
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Continuous-time Signals | |
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Discrete-time Signals | |
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Fast Convolution, Filtering and Correlation Using the FFT | |
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Circular (Periodic) Convolution | |
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Non-periodic Convolution | |
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Filtering and Sectioned Convolution | |
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Fast Correlation | |
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Use of MATLAB� | |
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Conclusion | |
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Problems | |
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Stochastic Signals and Power Spectra | |
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Introduction | |
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Random Variables | |
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Probability Distribution Function | |
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Probability Density Function | |
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Joint Distributions | |
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Statistical Parameters | |
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Analog Stochastic Processes | |
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Statistics of Stochastic Processes | |
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Stationary Processes | |
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Time Averages | |
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Ergodicity | |
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Power Spectra of Stochastic Signals | |
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Signals through Linear Systems | |
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Discrete-time Stochastic Processes | |
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Statistical Parameters | |
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Stationary Processes | |
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Power Spectrum Estimation | |
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Continuous-time Signals | |
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Discrete-time Signals | |
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Conclusion | |
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Problems | |
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Finite Word-length Effects in Digital Signal Processors | |
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Introduction | |
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Input Signal Quantization Errors | |
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Coefficient Quantization Effects | |
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Effect of Round-off Accumulation | |
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Round-off Accumulation without Coefficient Quantization | |
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Round-off Accumulation with Coefficient Quantization | |
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Auto-oscillations: Overflow and Limit Cycles | |
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Overflow Oscillations | |
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Limit Cycles and the Dead-band Effect | |
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Conclusion | |
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Problems | |
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Linear Estimation, System Modelling and Adaptive Filters | |
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Introduction | |
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Mean-square Approximation | |
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Analog Signals | |
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Discrete Signals | |
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Linear Estimation, Modelling and Optimum Filters | |
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Optimum Minimum Mean-square Error Analog Estimation | |
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Smoothing by Non-causal Wiener Filters | |
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Causal Wiener Filters | |
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The Matched Filter | |
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Discrete-time Linear Estimation | |
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Non-recursive Wiener Filtering | |
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Adaptive Filtering Using the Minimum Mean Square Error Gradient Algorithm | |
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The Least Mean Square Error Gradient Algorithm | |
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Adaptive IIR Filtering and System Modelling | |
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An Application of Adaptive Filters: Echo Cancellers for Satellite Transmission of Speech Signals | |
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Conclusion | |
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Analog Mos Integrated Circuits For Signal Processing | |
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MOS Transistor Operation and Integrated Circuit Fabrication | |
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Introduction | |
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The MOS Transistor | |
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Operation | |
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The Transconductance | |
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Channel Length Modulation | |
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PMOS Transistors and CMOS Circuits | |
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The Depletion-type MOSFET | |
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Integrated Circuit Fabrication | |
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Wafer Preparation | |
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Diffusion and Ion Implantation | |
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Oxidation | |
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Photolithography | |
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Chemical Vapour Deposition | |
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Metallization | |
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MOSFET Processing Steps | |
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Layout and Area Considerations for IC MOSFETs | |
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Noise In MOSFETs | |
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Shot Noise | |
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Thermal Noise | |
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Flicker (1/f) Noise | |
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Modelling of Noise | |
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Problems | |
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Basic Integrated Circuits Building Blocks | |
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Introduction | |
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MOS Active Resistors and Load Devices | |
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MOS Amplifiers | |
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NMOS Amplifier with Enhancement Load | |
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Effect of the Substrate | |
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NMOS Amplifier with Depletion Load | |
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The Source Follower | |
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High Frequency Considerations | |
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Parasitic Capacitances | |
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The Cascode Amplifier | |
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The Current Mirror | |
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The CMOS Amplifier | |
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Conclusion | |
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Problems | |
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Two-stage CMOS Operational Amplifiers | |
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Introduction | |
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Op Amp Performance Parameters | |
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Feedback Amplifier Fundamentals | |
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The CMOS Differential Amplifier | |
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The Two-stage CMOS Op Amp | |
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The dc Voltage Gain | |
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The Frequency Response | |
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The Nulling Resistor | |
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The Slew Rate and Settling Time | |
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The Input Common-mode Range and CMRR | |
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Summary of the Two-stage CMOS Op Amp Design Calculations | |
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A Complete Design Example | |
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Practical Considerations and Other Non-ideal Effects in Operational Amplifier Design | |
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Power Supply Rejection | |
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dc Offset Voltage | |
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Noise Performance | |
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Conclusion | |
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Problems | |
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High Performance CMOS Operational Amplifiers and Operational Transconductance Amplifiers | |
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Introduction | |
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Cascode CMOS Op Amps | |
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The Folded Cascode Op Amp | |
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Low-noise Operational Amplifiers | |
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Low-noise Design by Control of Device Geometries | |
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Noise Reduction by Correlated Double Sampling | |
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Chopper-stabilized Operational Amplifiers | |
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High-frequency Operational Amplifiers | |
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Settling Time Considerations | |
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Fully Differential Balanced Topology | |
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Operational Transconductance Amplifiers | |
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Conclusion | |
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Problems | |
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Capacitors, Switches and the Occasional Passive Resistor | |
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Introduction | |
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MOS Capacitors | |
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Capacitor Structures | |
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Parasitic Capacitances | |
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Capacitor-ratio Errors | |
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The MOS Switch | |
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A Simple Switch | |
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Clock Feed-through | |
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The CMOS Switch: Transmission Gate | |
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MOS Passive Resistors | |
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Conclusion | |
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Switched-Capacitor And Mixed-Mode Signal Processing | |
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Design of Microelectronic Switched-capacitor Filters | |
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Introduction | |
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Sampled and Held Signals | |
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Amplitude-oriented Filters of the Lossless Discrete Integrator Type | |
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The State-variable Ladder Filter | |
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Strays-insensitive LDI Ladders | |
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An Approximate Design Technique | |
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Filters Derived from Passive Lumped Prototypes | |
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Cascade Design | |
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Applications in Telecommunications: Speech Codecs and Data Modems | |
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CODECs | |
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Data Modems | |
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Conclusion | |
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Problems | |
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Non-ideal Effects and Practical Considerations in Microelectronic Switched-capacitor Filters | |
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Introduction | |
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Effect of Finite Op Amp Gain | |
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Effect of Finite Bandwidth and Slew Rate of Op Amps | |
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Effect of Finite Op Amp Output Resistance | |
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Scaling for Maximum Dynamic Range | |
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Scaling for Minimum Capacitance | |
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Fully Differential Balanced Designs | |
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More on Parasitic Capacitances and Switch Noise | |
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Pre-filtering and Post-filtering Requirements | |
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Programmable Filters | |
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Layout Considerations | |
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Conclusion | |
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Integrated Sigma-Delta Data Converters: Extension and Comprehensive Application of Analog and Digital Signal Processing | |
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Motivation and General Considerations | |
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The First-order Converter | |
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The Second-order Converter | |
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Decimation and Digital Filtering | |
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Principles | |
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Decimator Structures | |
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Simulation and Performance Evaluation | |
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A Case Study: Fourth-order Converter | |
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Conclusion | |
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Answers to Selected | |
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Problems | |
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References | |
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Index | |