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| Foreword | |
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| Preface | |
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| Introduction to forensic geneticsForensic genetics | |
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| Forensic genetics | |
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| A brief history of forensic genetics | |
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| DNA structure and the genome | |
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| DNA structure | |
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| Organization of DNA into chromosomes | |
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| The structure of the human genome | |
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| Genetic diversity of modern humans | |
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| The genome and forensic genetics | |
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| Tandem repeats | |
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| Single nucleotide polymorphisms | |
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| Biological material-collection, characterization and storage | |
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| Sources of biological evidence | |
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| Collection and handling of material at the crime scene | |
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| Identification and characterization of biological evidence | |
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| Evidence collection | |
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| Sexual and physical assault | |
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| Storage of biological material | |
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| DNA extraction and quantification | |
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| DNAextraction | |
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| General principles of DNA extraction | |
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| DNA extraction from challenging samples | |
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| Quantification of DNA | |
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| DNA IQ system | |
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| Polymerase chain reaction | |
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| The evolution of PCR-based profiling in forensic genetics | |
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| DNA replication: the basis of the PCR | |
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| The components of PCR | |
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| Taq DNA polymerase | |
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| The PCR process | |
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| PCR inhibition | |
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| Sensitivity and contamination | |
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| The PCR laboratory | |
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| The analysis of short tandem repeats | |
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| Structure of STR loci | |
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| The development of STR multiplexes | |
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| Detection of STR polymorphisms | |
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| Interpretation of STR profiles | |
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| Assessment of STR profiles | |
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| Stutter peaks | |
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| Split peaks (�N) | |
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| Pull-up | |
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| Template DNA | |
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| Overloaded profiles | |
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| Low template DNA typing | |
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| Peak balance | |
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| Mixtures | |
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| Degraded DNA | |
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| PCR inhibition | |
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| Statistical interpretation of STR profiles | |
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| Population genetics | |
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| Deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium | |
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| Statistical tests to determine deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium | |
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| Estimating the frequencies of STR profiles | |
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| Corrections to allele frequency databases | |
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| Which population frequency database should be used? | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Evaluation and presentation of DNA evidence | |
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| Hierarchies of propositions | |
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| Likelihood ratios | |
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| Two fallacies | |
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| Comparison of three approaches | |
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| Databases of DNA profiles | |
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| The UK National DNA Database | |
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| Legislation in England and Wales | |
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| International situation | |
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| Kinship testing | |
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| Parentage testing | |
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| Punnett square | |
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| Identification of human remains | |
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| Single nucleotide polymorphisms | |
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| SNPs-occurrence and structure | |
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| Detection of SNPs | |
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| SNP detection for forensic applications | |
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| Forensic applications of SNPs | |
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| SNPs compared with STR loci | |
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| Lineage markers | |
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| Mitochondria | |
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| Applications of mtDNA profiling | |
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| Haplotypes and haplogroups | |
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| The Y chromosome | |
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| Forensic applications of Y chromosome polymorphisms | |
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| Non-human DNA typing | |
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| Non-human sample types | |
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| Species identification | |
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| Linkage to an individual using STR Loci | |
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| Linkage to an individual using mitochondrial loci | |
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| Microbial DNA testing | |
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| Concluding comments | |
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| Forensic parameters | |
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| Useful web links | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Abbreviations | |
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| Index | |