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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Importance of Principles | |
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| The Importance of Sustainability | |
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| References | |
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| Water Quality and Public Health | |
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| Relationship between Water Quality and Public Health | |
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| Source Waters for Municipal Drinking Water Systems | |
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| Regulations of Water Treatment in the United States | |
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| Evolving Trends and Challenges in Drinking Water Treatment | |
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| Summary and Study Guide | |
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| References | |
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| Process Selection | |
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| Process Selection Based on Contaminant Properties | |
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| Other Considerations in Process Selection | |
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| Sustainability and Energy Considerations | |
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| Design and Selection of Process Trains | |
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| Summary and Study Guide | |
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| Homework Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Fundamental Principles of Environmental Engineering | |
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| Units of Expression for Chemical Concentrations | |
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| Chemical Equilibrium | |
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| Chemical Kinetics | |
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| Reactions Used in Water Treatment | |
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| Mass Balance Analysis | |
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| Introduction to Reactors and Reactor Analysis | |
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| Reactions in Batch Reactors | |
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| Hydraulic Characteristics of Ideal Flow Reactors | |
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| Reactions in Ideal Flow Reactors | |
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| Measuring the Hydraulic Characteristics of Flow Reactors with Tracer Tests | |
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| Describing the Hydraulic Performance of Real Flow Reactors | |
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| Reactions in Real Flow Reactors | |
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| Introduction to Mass Transfer | |
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| Molecular Diffusion | |
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| Diffusion Coefficients | |
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| Models and Correlations for Mass Transfer at an Interface | |
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| Evaluating the Concentration Gradient with Operating Diagrams | |
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| Summary and Study Guide | |
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| Homework Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Coagulation and Flocculation | |
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| Role of Coagulation and Flocculation in Water Treatment | |
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| Stability of Particles in Water | |
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| Principles of Coagulation | |
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| Coagulation Practice | |
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| Principles of Mixing for Coagulation and Flocculation | |
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| Rapid-Mix Practice | |
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| Principles of Flocculation | |
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| Flocculation Practice | |
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| Energy and Sustainability Considerations | |
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| Summary and Study Guide | |
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| Homework Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Sedimentation | |
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| Principles of Discrete (Type I) Particle Settling | |
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| Discrete Settling in Ideal Rectangulor Sedimentation Basins | |
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| Principles of Flocculant (Type II) Particle Settling | |
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| Principles of Hindered (Type III) Settling | |
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| Conventional Sedimentation Basin Design | |
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| Alternative Sedimentation Processes | |
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| Physical Factors Affecting Sedimentation | |
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| Energy and Sustainability Considerations | |
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| Summary and Study Guide | |
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| Homework Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Rapid Granular Filtration | |
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| Physical Description of a Rapid Granular Filter | |
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| Process Description of Rapid Filtration | |
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| Particle Capture in Granular Filtration | |
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| Head Loss through a Clean Filter Bed | |
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| Modeling of Performance and Optimization | |
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| Backwash Hydraulics | |
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| Energy and Sustainability Considerations | |
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| Summary and Study Guide | |
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| Homework Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Membrane Filtration | |
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| Classification of Membrane Processes | |
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| Comparison to Rapid Granular Filtration | |
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| Principal Features of Membrane Filtration Equipment | |
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| Process Description of Membrane Filtration | |
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| Particle Capture in Membrane Filtration | |
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| Hydraulics of Flow through Membrane Filters | |
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| Membrane Fouling | |
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| Sizing of Membrane Skids | |
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| Energy and Sustainability Considerations | |
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| Summary and Study Guide | |
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| Homework Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Reverse Osmosis | |
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| Principal Features of a Reverse Osmosis Facility | |
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| Osmotic Pressure and Reverse Osmosis | |
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| Mass Transfer of Water and Solutes through RO Membranes | |
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| Performance Dependence on Temperature and Pressure | |
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| Concentration Polarization | |
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| Fouling and Scaling | |
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| Element Selection and Membrane Array Design | |
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| Energy and Sustainability Considerations | |
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| Summary and Study Guide | |
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| Homework Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Adsorption and Ion Exchange | |
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| Introduction to the Adsorption Process | |
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| Adsorption Equilibrium | |
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| Adsorption Kinetics | |
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| Introduction to the Ion Exchange Process | |
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| Ion Exchange Equilibrium | |
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| Ion Exchange Kinetics | |
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| Fixed-Bed Contactors | |
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| Suspended-Media Reactors | |
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| Energy and Sustainability Considerations | |
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| Summary and Study Guide | |
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| Homework Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Air Stripping and Aeration | |
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| Types of Air Stripping and Aeration Contactors | |
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| Gas-Liquid Equilibrium | |
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| Fundamentals of Packed Tower Air Stripping | |
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| Design and Analysis of Packed-Tower Air Stripping | |
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| Energy and Sustainability Considerations | |
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| Summary and Study Guide | |
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| Homework Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Advanced Oxidation | |
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| Introduction to Advanced Oxidation | |
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| Ozonation as an Advanced Oxidation Process | |
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| Hydrogen Peroxide/Ozone Process | |
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| Hydrogen Peroxide/UV Light Process | |
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| Energy and Sustainability Considerations | |
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| Summary and Study Guide | |
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| Homework Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Disinfection | |
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| Disinfection Agents and Systems | |
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| Disinfection with Free and Combined Chlorine | |
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| Disinfection with Chlorine Dioxide | |
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| Disinfection with Ozone | |
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| Disinfection with Ultraviolet Light | |
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| Disinfection Kinetics | |
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| Disinfection Kinetics in Real Flow Reactors | |
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| Design of Disinfection Contactors with Low Dispersion | |
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| Disinfection By-products | |
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| Residual Maintenance | |
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| Energy and Sustainability Considerations | |
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| Summary and Study Guide | |
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| Homework Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Residuals Management | |
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| Defining the Problem | |
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| Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties of Residuals | |
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| Alum and Iron Coagulation Sludge | |
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| Liquid Wastes from Granular Media Filters | |
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| Management of Residual Liquid Streams | |
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| Management of Residual Sludge | |
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| Ultimate Reuse and Disposal of Semisolid Residuals | |
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| Summary and Study Guide | |
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| Homework Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Conversion Factors | |
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| Physical Properties of Selected Gases and Composition of Air | |
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| Density of Air at Other Temperatures | |
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| Change in Atmospheric Pressure with Elevation | |
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| Physical Properties of Water | |
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| Periodic Table | |
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| Electronic Resources Available on the John Wiley & Sons Website for This Textbook | |
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| Index | |