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Preface | |
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About the Authors | |
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Introduction | |
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Probability Versus Statistics | |
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Overview of the Book | |
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Descriptive Statistics | |
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Basic Data Analysis | |
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Data Types | |
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Frequency Distributions | |
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Empirical Cumulative Frequency Distribution | |
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Data Classes | |
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Cumulative Frequency Distributions | |
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Concepts Explained in this Chapter (In Order of Presentation) | |
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Measures of Location and Spread | |
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Parameters versus Statistics | |
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Center and Location | |
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Variation | |
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Measures of the Linear Transformation | |
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Summary of Measures | |
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Concepts Explained in this Chapter (In Order of Presentation) | |
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Graphical Representation of Data | |
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Pie Charts | |
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Bar Chart | |
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Stem and Leaf Diagram | |
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Frequency Histogram | |
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Ogive Diagrams | |
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Box Plot | |
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QQ Plot | |
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Concepts Explained in this Chapter (In Order of Presentation) | |
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Multivariate Variables and Distributions | |
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Data Tables and Frequencies | |
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Class Data and Histograms | |
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Marginal Distributions | |
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Graphical Representation | |
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Conditional Distribution | |
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Conditional Parameters and Statistics | |
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Independence | |
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Covariance | |
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Correlation | |
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Contingency Coefficient | |
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Concepts Explained in this Chapter (In Order of Presentation) | |
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Introduction to Regression Analysis | |
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The Role of Correlation | |
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Regression Model: Linear Functional Relationship Between Two Variables | |
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Distributional Assumptions of the Regression Model | |
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Estimating the Regression Model | |
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Goodness of Fit of the Model | |
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Linear Regression of Some Non-Linear Relationship | |
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Two Applications in Finance | |
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Concepts Explained in this Chapter (In Order of Presentation) | |
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Introduction to Time Series Analysis | |
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What Is Time Series? | |
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Decomposition of Time Series | |
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Representation of Time Series with Difference Equations | |
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Application: The Price Process | |
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Concepts Explained in this Chapter (In Order of Presentation) | |
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Basic Probability Theory | |
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Concepts of Probability Theory | |
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Historical Development of Alternative Approaches to Probability | |
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Set Operations and Preliminaries | |
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Probability Measure | |
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Random Variable | |
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Concepts Explained in this Chapter (In Order of Presentation) | |
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Discrete Probability Distributions | |
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Discrete Law | |
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Bernoulli Distribution | |
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Binomial Distribution | |
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Hypergeometric Distribution | |
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Multinomial Distribution | |
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Poisson Distribution | |
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Discrete Uniform Distribution | |
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Concepts Explained in this Chapter (In Order of Presentation) | |
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Continuous Probability Distributions | |
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Continuous Probability Distribution Described | |
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Distribution Function | |
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Density Function | |
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Continuous Random Variable | |
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Computing Probabilities from the Density Function | |
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Location Parameters | |
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Dispersion Parameters | |
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Concepts Explained in this Chapter (In Order of Presentation) | |
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Continuous Probability Distributions with Appealing Statistical Properties | |
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Normal Distribution | |
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Chi-Square Distribution | |
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Student's t-Distribution | |
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F-Distribution | |
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Exponential Distribution | |
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Rectangular Distribution | |
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Gamma Distribution | |
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Beta Distribution | |
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Log-Normal Distribution | |
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Concepts Explained in this Chapter (In Order of Presentation) | |
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Continuous Probability Distributions Dealing with Extreme Events | |
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Generalized Extreme Value Distribution | |
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Generalized Pareto Distribution | |
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Normal Inverse Gaussian Distribution | |
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a-Stable Distribution | |
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Concepts Explained in this Chapter (In Order of Presentation) | |
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Parameters of Location and Scale of Random Variables | |
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Parameters of Location | |
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Parameters of Scale | |
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Concepts Explained in this Chapter (In Order of Presentation) | |
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Appendix: Parameters for Various Distribution Functions | |
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Joint Probability Distributions | |
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Higher Dimensional Random Variables | |
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Joint Probability Distribution | |
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Marginal Distributions | |
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Dependence | |
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Covariance and Correlation | |
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Selection of Multivariate Distributions | |
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Concepts Explained in this Chapter (In Order of Presentation) | |
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Conditional Probability and Bayes' Rule | |
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Conditional Probability | |
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Independent Events | |
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Multiplicative Rule of Probability | |
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Bayes' Rule | |
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Conditional Parameters | |
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Concepts Explained in this Chapter (In Order of Presentation) | |
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Copula and Dependence Measures | |
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Copula | |
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Alternative Dependence Measures | |
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Concepts Explained in this Chapter (In Order of Presentation) | |
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Inductive Statistics | |
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Point Estimators | |
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Sample, Statistic, and Estimator | |
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Quality Criteria of Estimators | |
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Large Sample Criteria | |
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Maximum Likehood Estimator | |
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Exponential Family and Sufficiency | |
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Concepts Explained in this Chapter (In Order of Presentation) | |
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Confidence Intervals | |
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Confidence Level and Confidence Interval | |
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Confidence Interval for the Mean of a Normal Random Variable | |
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Confidence Interval for the Mean of a Normal Random Variable with Unknown Variance | |
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Confidence Interval for the Parameter p of a Binomial Distribution | |
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Concepts Explained in this Chapter (In Order of Presentation) | |
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Hypothesis Testing | |
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Hypotheses | |
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Error Types | |
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Quality Criteria of a Test | |
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Examples | |
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Concepts Explained in this Chapter (In Order of Presentation) | |
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Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis | |
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Estimates and Diagnostics for Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis | |
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The Multivariate Linear Regression Model | |
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Assumptions of the Multivariate Linear Regression Model | |
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Estimation of the Model Parameters | |
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Designing the Model | |
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Diagnostic Check and Model Significance | |
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Applications to Finance | |
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Concepts Explained in this Chapter (In Order of Presentation) | |
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Designing and Building a Multivariate Linear Regression Model | |
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The Problem of Multicollinearity | |
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Incorporating Dummy Variables as Independent Variables | |
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Model Building Techniques 561 | |
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Concepts Explained in this Chapter (In Order of Presentation) | |
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Testing the Assumptions of the Multivariate Linear Regression Model | |
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Tests for Linearity | |
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Assumed Statistical Properties About the Error Term | |
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Tests for the Residuals Being Normally Distributed | |
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Tests for Constant Variance of the Error Term (Homoskedasticity) | |
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Absence of Autocorrelation of the Residuals | |
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Concepts Explained in this Chapter (In Order of Presentation) | |
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Important Functions and Their Features | |
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Continuous Function | |
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Indicator Function | |
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Derivatives | |
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Monotonic Function | |
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Integral | |
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Some Functions | |
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Fundamentals of Matrix Operations and Concepts | |
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The Notion of Vector and Matrix | |
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Matrix Multiplication | |
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Particular Matrices | |
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Positive Semidefinite Matrices | |
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Binomial and Multinomial Coefficients | |
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Binomial Coefficient | |
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Multinomial Coefficient | |
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Application of the Log-Normal Distribution to the Pricing of Call Options | |
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Call Options | |
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Deriving the Price of a European Call Option | |
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Illustration | |
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ReferenceS | |
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Index | |