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Preface | |
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Introduction | |
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Liquids and Gases | |
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The Continuum Assumption | |
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Dimensions, Units, and Resources | |
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Topics in Dimensional Analysis | |
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Engineering Analysis | |
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Applications and Connections | |
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Fluid Properties | |
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Properties Involving Mass and Weight | |
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Ideal Gas Law | |
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Properties Involving Thermal Energy | |
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Viscosity | |
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Bulk Modulus of Elasticity | |
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Surface Tension | |
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Vapor Pressure | |
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Summary | |
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Fluid Statics | |
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Pressure | |
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Pressure Variation with Elevation | |
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Pressure Measurements | |
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Forces on Plane Surfaces (Panels) | |
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Forces on Curved Surfaces | |
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Buoyancy | |
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Stability of Immersed and Floating Bodies | |
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Summary | |
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Flowing Fluids and Pressure Variation | |
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Descriptions of Fluid Motion | |
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Acceleration | |
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Euler's Equation | |
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Pressure Distribution in Rotating Flows | |
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The Bernoulli Equation Along a Streamline | |
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Rotation and Vorticity | |
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The Bernoulli Equation in Irrotational Flow | |
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Separation | |
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Summary | |
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Control Volume Approach and Continuity Equation | |
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Rate of Flow | |
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Control Volume Approach | |
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Continuity Equation | |
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Cavitation | |
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Differential Form of the Continuity Equation | |
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Summary | |
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Momentum Equation | |
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Momentum Equation: Derivation | |
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Momentum Equation: Interpretation | |
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Common Applications | |
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Additional Applications | |
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Moment-of-Momentum Equation | |
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Navier-Stokes Equation | |
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Summary | |
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The Energy Equation | |
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Energy, Work, and Power | |
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Energy Equation: General Form | |
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Energy Equation: Pipe Flow | |
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Power Equation | |
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Contrasting the Bernoulli Equation and the Energy Equation | |
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Transitions | |
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Hydraulic and Energy Grade Lines | |
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Summary | |
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Dimensional Analysis and Similitude | |
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Need for Dimensional Analysis | |
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Buckingham Theorem | |
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Dimensional Analysis | |
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Common-Groups | |
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Similitude | |
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Model Studies for Flows Without Free-Surface Effects | |
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Model-Prototype Performance | |
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Approximate Similitude at High Reynolds Numbers | |
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Free-Surface Model Studies | |
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Summary | |
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Surface Resistance | |
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Surface Resistance with Uniform Laminar Flow | |
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Qualitative Description of the Boundary Layer | |
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Laminar Boundary Layer | |
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Boundary Layer Transition | |
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Turbulent Boundary Layer | |
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Pressure Gradient Effects on Boundary Layers | |
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Summary | |
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Flow in Conduits | |
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Classifying Flow | |
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Specifying Pipe Sizes | |
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Pipe Head Loss | |
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Stress Distributions in Pipe Flow | |
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Laminar Flow in a Round Tube | |
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Turbulent Flow and the Moody Diagram | |
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Solving Turbulent Flow Problems | |
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Combined Head Loss | |
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Nonround Conduits | |
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Pumps and Systems of Pipes | |
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Summary | |
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Drag and Lift | |
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Relating Lift and Drag to Stress Distributions | |
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Calculating Drag Force | |
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Drag of Axisymmetric and 3D Bodies | |
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Terminal Velocity | |
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Vortex Shedding | |
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Reducing Drag by Streamlining | |
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Drag in Compressible Flow | |
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Theory of Lift | |
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Lift and Drag on Airfoils | |
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Lift and Drag on Road Vehicles | |
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Summary | |
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Compressible Flow | |
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Wave Propagation in Compressible Fluids | |
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Mach Number Relationships | |
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Normal Shock Waves | |
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Isentropic Compressible Flow | |