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| We need energy | |
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| Generalities | |
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| Primary and secondary energy | |
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| Energy units | |
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| Power | |
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| Energy and first law of thermodynamics | |
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| Entropy and second law of thermodynamics | |
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| Exergy | |
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| Going back to the past | |
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| Man and energy | |
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| Always More! | |
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| Why do we need more energy? | |
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| The energy sources we use | |
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| Security of supply | |
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| Environmental concerns | |
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| Oil and Natural Gas | |
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| Genesis of oil and natural gas | |
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| Recovering oil and gas | |
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| Peak oil | |
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| Reserves | |
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| Crude oil reserves | |
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| Natural gas reserves | |
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| Properties of hydrocarbons | |
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| Oil fields | |
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| Prices | |
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| Consumption | |
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| Electricity generation | |
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| Impact on the environment | |
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| Unconventional oil and gas resources | |
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| Oil shale | |
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| Tar sands | |
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| Coal bed methane | |
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| Methane hydrates | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Coal | |
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| Genesis of coal | |
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| Rank of coals | |
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| Classification of coals | |
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| Peat | |
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| Use of coal | |
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| Coal Reserves | |
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| Production and consumption | |
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| Electricity production | |
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| Coal combustion for power generation | |
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| Advanced pulverized coal combustion | |
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| Fluidized bed combustion at atmospheric pressure | |
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| Pressurized fluidized bed combustion | |
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| Combined heat and power generation | |
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| Integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plants | |
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| Coal to liquid technologies | |
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| Direct coal liquefaction | |
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| Indirect coal liquefaction | |
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| Direct or indirect CTL technology? | |
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| Carbon capture and sequestration | |
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| Capture | |
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| Transport | |
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| Sequestration | |
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| Cost | |
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| Coal pit accidents | |
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| Environmental impacts | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Fossil Fuels and the Greenhouse Effect | |
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| The Greenhouse effect | |
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| The Greenhouse Gases | |
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| Weather and climate | |
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| Natural change of the climate | |
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| Anthropogenic emissions | |
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| Water and aerosols | |
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| Global warming potentials | |
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| An increase of the average temperature | |
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| Model predictions | |
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| Energy and greenhouse gas emissions | |
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| Consequences | |
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| Other impacts on the ocean | |
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| Factor 4 | |
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| The Kyoto Protocol | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Energy from water | |
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| Hydropower | |
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| Hydropower: an important source of electricity | |
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| Dams, diversions | |
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| Head and flow | |
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| Turbines | |
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| Small-scale hydropower | |
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| Environmental concerns | |
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| Costs | |
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| Energy from the ocean | |
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| Offshore wind energy | |
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| Wave energy | |
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| Tidal energy | |
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| Marine Current energy | |
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| Ocean thermal energy conversion | |
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| Osmotic energy | |
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| Biomass | |
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| Producing biomass | |
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| An old energy resource | |
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| Electricity production | |
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| Technologies | |
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| Direct-combustion technologies | |
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| Co-firing technologies | |
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| Biomass gasification | |
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| Anaerobic digestion | |
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| Pyrolysis | |
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| Heat production | |
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| Biomass for cooking | |
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| Environmental impact | |
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| Market Share | |
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| Biofuels | |
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| Biofuels, an old story | |
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| First generation biofuels | |
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| Biofuels for gasoline engines | |
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| Biofuels for diesel engines | |
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| Second generation biofuels | |
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| Third generation biofuels | |
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| From Well to wheels | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Solar energy | |
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| Solar energy: a huge potential | |
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| Thermal solar energy | |
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| Producing hot water for domestic purposes | |
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| Heating, cooling and ventilation using solar energy | |
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| The solar cooker | |
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| Concentrated solar power plants | |
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| Parabolic troughs | |
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| Power towers | |
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| Parabolic dish collector | |
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| Solar chimneys or towers | |
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| Photovoltaic systems | |
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| A market dominated by silicon | |
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| Other photovoltaic technologies | |
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| Applications | |
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| Electricity storage | |
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| Economy and environment | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Geothermal energy | |
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| Available in many places | |
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| Different uses | |
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| Technologies | |
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| Geothermal energy in the world | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Wind energy | |
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| Already a long history | |
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| From theory to practice | |
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| Development of wind power | |
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| Off-shore wind turbines | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Nuclear energy | |
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| Basics Of Nuclear Energy | |
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| Atoms and nuclei | |
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| Radioactivity | |
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| Energy and mass | |
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| Fission | |
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| Fissile and fertile | |
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| Chain reaction | |
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| Critical Mass | |
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| Nuclear Reactors | |
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| Natural Nuclear Reactors- Oklo | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Use Of Nuclear Energy | |
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| Different technologies | |
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| The selection process | |
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| Why nuclear energy? | |
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| Uranium resources | |
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| Fuel cycles | |
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| Front end fuel cycle | |
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| Back end fuel cycle | |
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| Safety | |
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| Nuclear waste | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Thermonuclear Fusion | |
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| Nuclei, concentrated sources of energy | |
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| The Sun | |
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| Fusion of light nuclei | |
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| Difficulties | |
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| A bit of history | |
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| Thermonuclear fusion in Tokamaks | |
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| ITER: a new step towards mastering fusion | |
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| About Fuel Reserves | |
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| Longer term possibilities | |
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| Safety and waste issues | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Appendix | |
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| Electricity | |
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| A rapid development | |
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| Energy sources for electricity production | |
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| No unique solution | |
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| From mechanical energy to the consumer | |
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| Impact on the environment | |
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| Cost | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Energy storage | |
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| Electricity Storage | |
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| Characteristics of electricity storage | |
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| Large quantity storage technologies | |
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| Pumped hydroelectric storage | |
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| Compressed air energy storage | |
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| Thermal energy storage of electricity | |
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| Electrochemical batteries | |
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| Primary batteries | |
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| Metal-air batteries | |
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| Rechargeable batteries | |
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| Lead batteries | |
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| NiCd batteries | |
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| The NIMH battery | |
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| Li-ion batteries | |
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| Flow batteries | |
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| Sodium-sulphur battery | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Supercapacitors | |
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| Flywheels | |
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| Thermal Energy Storage | |
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| Basic heat storage | |
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| Sensible heat storage | |
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| Phase change materials | |
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| Thermochemical and thermophysical energy storage | |
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| Applications of thermal energy storage | |
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| Underground energy storage | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Transportation | |
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| A short history of transportation | |
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| Road transportation | |
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| Energy and transportation | |
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| Road Transportation | |
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| Ship transportation | |
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| Air transport | |
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| Car dynamics | |
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| Fuels for road transportation | |
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| CO2 Emissions | |
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| Hybrid vehicles | |
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| Electric vehicles | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Housing | |
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| Importance of housing | |
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| Towards more efficient housing | |
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| Different regions, different solutions | |
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| Bioclimatic architecture | |
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| Insulation | |
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| Glazing | |
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| Lighting | |
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| Ventilation | |
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| Water | |
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| Energy use in a household | |
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| Heat pumps | |
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| Impact on the environment | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Smart energy consumption | |
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| Housing | |
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| Improving the way we consume energy | |
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| Cogeneration | |
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| Standby consumption | |
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| Lighting | |
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| Transportation | |
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| Technology | |
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| Individuals | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Hydrogen | |
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| From Production To Distribution | |
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| Properties | |
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| Production | |
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| Vaporeforming | |
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| Partial oxidation | |
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| Autothermal reforming | |
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| Coal gasification | |
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| Producing hydrogen in situ | |
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| Electrolysis of water | |
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| Thermochemical cycles | |
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| From biomass | |
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| Using enzymes | |
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| Photolysis | |
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| Storage | |
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| Storage of compressed hydrogen gas | |
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| Storage of liquid hydrogen | |
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| Storage in metal hydrides | |
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| Carbon nanotubes | |
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| Other possibilities | |
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| Hydrogen transport and distribution | |
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| Transports | |
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| Distribution | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Hydrogen: Energetic Applications | |
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| Fundamentals of fuel cells | |
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| Different fuel cells | |
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| Alkaline fuel cell (AFC | |
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| Proton electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC | |
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| Phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC | |
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| Molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC | |
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| Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC | |
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| Direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC | |
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| Open issues | |
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| Transportation | |
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| Hydrogen and fuel cells | |
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| Ship and submarines | |
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| SOFC and transportation | |
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| Direct use of hydrogen | |
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| Road transport | |
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| Planes | |
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| Ships | |
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| Combined heat and power | |
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| Hydrogen and portable devices | |
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| Hydrogen safety | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Bibliography | |