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| Scientific Framework For Aerosol Sampling | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Aerosols | |
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| Particle size | |
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| Elementary particle size statistics | |
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| Aerosol measurement | |
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| Sampler performance characteristics | |
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| References | |
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| Fluid and aerosol mechanical background | |
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| Fluid mechanical background | |
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| Aerosol mechanics | |
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| Experimental methods in aerosol sampler studies | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Methodology for assessing sampler performance | |
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| Scaling relationships for aerosol samplers | |
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| Test facilities | |
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| Test aerosol generation | |
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| Reference methods | |
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| Assessment of collected aerosol | |
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| Aerosol sampler test protocols and procedures | |
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| The nature of air flow near aerosol samplers | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Line and point sink samplers | |
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| Thin-walled slot and tube entries | |
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| Thick-walled tubes | |
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| Simple blunt samplers facing the wind | |
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| Blunt samplers with orientations other than facing the wind | |
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| More complex sampling systems | |
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| Effects of freestream turbulence | |
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| Aspiration in moving air | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Thin-walled tube samplers | |
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| Blunt samplers | |
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| Aspiration in calm and slowly-moving air | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Sampling in perfectly calm air | |
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| Slowly moving air | |
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| Interferences to aerosol aspiration | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Interferences during aspiration | |
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| Interferences after aspiration | |
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| Mechanisms for aerosol particle size selection after aspiration | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Elutriation | |
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| Filtration by porous foam media | |
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| Centrifugation | |
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| Impaction | |
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| Diffusion | |
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| Other particle size-selective mechanisms | |
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| Standards for Aerosols | |
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| Framework for aerosol sampling in working and ambient environments | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Exposure to aerosols | |
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| Framework for health-related aerosol sampling. Non-health-related aerosol standards | |
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| References | |
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| Particle size-selective criteria for coarse aerosol fractions | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Experimental studies of inhalability | |
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| Particle size-selective criteria for the inhalable fraction | |
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| Overview | |
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| Particle size-selective criteria for fine aerosol fractions | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Studies of regional deposition of inhaled aerosols | |
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| Criteria for particle size-selective sampling for fine aerosol fractions | |
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| Overview | |
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| Limit values | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Aerosol-related health effects | |
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| The processes of standards setting | |
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| Occupational exposure limits (OELs) | |
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| Ambient atmospheric aerosol limits | |
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| Special cases | |
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| Aerosol Sampling Instrumentation and Applications | |
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| Historical milestones in practical aerosol sampling | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Occupational aerosol sampling | |
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| Ambient atmospheric aerosol sampling | |
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| Sampling for coarse aerosol in workplaces | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Static (or area) samplers for coarse aerosol fractions | |
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| Personal samplers for coarse aerosol fractions | |
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| Analysis of performance data for inhalable aerosol samplers | |
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| Passive aerosol samplers | |
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| Sampling for fine aerosol fractions in workplaces | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Samplers for the respirable fraction | |
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| Samplers for the thoracic fraction | |
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| Samplers for PM 2.5 | |
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| Thoracic particle size selection for fibrous aerosols | |
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| Sampling for very fine aerosols | |
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| Simultaneous sampling for more than one aerosol fraction | |
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| Sampling probes for stack sampling | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Basic considerations | |
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| Stack sampling methods | |
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| Sampling probes for stack sampling | |
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| Sampling fo | |