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List of illustrations | |
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Foreword | |
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Acknowledgments | |
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List of abbreviations | |
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Introduction | |
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The basics of food aid | |
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Modest flows intended to make a big difference at the margin | |
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The players in the food aid game | |
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Food aid distribution modalities and channels | |
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Conclusion | |
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Donor-oriented food aid: the United States of America | |
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US food aid programs | |
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American farm policy and food aid | |
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American food aid is primarily about feeding the hungry | |
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Food aid is an effective form of support for American farmers | |
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Food aid and American development assistance policy | |
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American food aid is no longer driven by short-term self-interest | |
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Multilateral and other bilateral donors | |
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Canada | |
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Europe | |
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Other bilateral donors | |
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Multilateral food aid | |
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Conclusion | |
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International regulatory mechanisms and trade disputes | |
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International regulatory mechanisms | |
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Food aid is wholly additional | |
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Food aid and commerical food trade | |
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Food aid builds long-term commercial export markets for donors | |
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Genetically modified foods | |
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Conclusion | |
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So who benefits? The "iron triangle" | |
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Domestic producers and processors | |
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Maritime interests | |
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Cargo preference laws ensure the viability of the US maritime industry | |
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Nongovernmental organizations | |
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Nongovernmental organizations are a progressive force in food aid | |
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Conclusion | |
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Edging towards a recipient-oriented food aid system | |
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Changing views of food insecurity: from Malthus to Sen | |
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A rights-based perspective to livelihoods approaches | |
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Implications of rights-based approaches: standards and codes of conduct | |
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Poverty traps and relief traps | |
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Conclusion | |
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The uses of food aid to address food insecurity | |
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Acute humanitarian emergencies | |
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Safety nets for vulnerability reduction and asset protection | |
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Food aid for development | |
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Monetization | |
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Conclusion | |
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The management of food aid in addressing food insecurity | |
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Targeting | |
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Food aid reliably reaches hungry people and only hungry people | |
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Food aid reliably arrives when it is needed | |
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Information systems and sources | |
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Procurement, supply chain management, and reserves | |
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Food availability shocks covary across countries within a region | |
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A dollar spent on food aid is a dollar consumed by hungry people | |
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Conclusion | |
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Consequences of poor food aid management | |
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Humanitarian impacts: nutrition and health | |
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Distortions, disincentives, and dependency | |
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Food aid creates dependency | |
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Food aid necessarily hurts recipient country producer incentives | |
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Conclusion | |
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Recasting food aid's role: the general strategy | |
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A strategy for reducing poverty, food insecurity, and undernutrition | |
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The roles of food aid in an overall food security strategy | |
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The roles of the main food aid actors | |
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Conclusion | |
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Recasting food aid's role: the particulars and the politics | |
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International policy changes needed | |
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Negotiate a new Global Food Aid Compact to replace the Food Aid Convention | |
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Restore real global development assistance flows | |
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United States policy changes needed | |
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Negotiate reductions in outdated forms of food aid | |
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Focus on quicker and more flexible emergency response | |
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Eliminate unnecessary bureaucratic duplication | |
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Within current budgets, adapt the resource to fit the application | |
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Other bilateral donor policy changes needed | |
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Recipient country government and community policy changes needed | |
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Operational agency policy and programming changes needed | |
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Improve the targeting of food aid | |
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Use food aid only where it is appropriate | |
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Getting there from here: the politics of reform | |
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Convincing the NGOs | |
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Conclusion | |
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Glossary | |
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Notes | |
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Bibliography | |