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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Map of South Asian Buddhist sites | |
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| Formations: the Buddha and his Dharma | |
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| The world of the Buddha | |
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| The renunciants of Ancient India | |
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| The Buddha and his Dharma | |
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| After the Buddha's Awakening | |
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| The Noble Eightfold Path | |
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| The Four Noble Truths | |
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| The Establishment of the Sa&ndot;gha | |
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| The Buddha's early rivals | |
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| Remembering and representing the Buddha | |
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| Biographies of the Buddha | |
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| Symbols and images of the Buddha | |
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| Foundations: Mainstream Buddhist texts and communities | |
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| The development of the Sa&ndot;gha | |
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| Elaborations on the Vinaya | |
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| Founding the Bhik&sbdot;u&nbdot;&ibar; order | |
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| Buddhist councils | |
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| First Council of R&abar;jag&rbdot;ha | |
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| Second Council of Vaiś&abar;l&ibar; | |
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| Later Buddhist councils | |
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| Buddhist canons and texts | |
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| Writing canonical texts | |
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| Mainstream Buddhist schools | |
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| Mah&abar;s&abar;&mbdot;ghika and related schools | |
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| Pudgal&abar;vada | |
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| Sarv&abar;stiv&abar;da | |
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| Vibhajyav&abar;da and Therav&abar;da | |
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| Sautr&abar;ntika | |
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| Abhidharma speculation | |
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| Furcations: origins and development of the Mah&abar;y&abar;na | |
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| Lay Buddhism in Ancient India | |
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| The origins of the Mah&abar;y&abar;na | |
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| Mah&abar;y&abar;na texts | |
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| The Bodhisattva path | |
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| Philosophical systems of the Mah&abar;y&abar;na | |
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| Madhyamaka | |
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| Yog&abar;c&abar;ra | |
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| Tath&abar;gatagarbha thought | |
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| The Mah&abar;y&abar;na pantheon | |
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| Heavenly Buddhas | |
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| Heavenly Bodhisattvas | |
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| Consolidations: medieval systems of thought and practice | |
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| Buddhist scholasticism | |
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| Vasubandhu (4th-5th c. ce) | |
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| Buddhaghosa (5th c. ce) | |
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| Dharmak&ibar;rti (ca. 600-670 ce) | |
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| Ś&abar;ntideva (ca. 685-763 ce) | |
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| Buddhist Tantra and the Vajray&abar;na | |
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| Tantric Buddhist texts | |
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| Tantric Buddhist rituals | |
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| Legacies of Buddhist Tantra | |
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| Reappraisals: later developments in the South Asian Buddhist World | |
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| Buddhism in Sri Lanka | |
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| Monastic institutions | |
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| Buddhist rituals in Sri Lanka | |
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| Sinhala Buddhist literature | |
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| Buddhism in Nepal | |
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| Buddhist literature in Nepal | |
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| Buddhism in Bhutan | |
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| Colonialism and Christianity | |
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| Buddhist responses to Christian missions | |
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| Colonial-era scholarship on Buddhism | |
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| Reinterpreting Buddhism in Nepal and India | |
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| Revivals: Buddhism and modernity in South Asia | |
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| Modern Buddhist revivals | |
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| Buddhist nationalism in Sri Lanka | |
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| The Buddhist revival in Nepal | |
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| The Buddhist revival in Bangladesh | |
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| Buddhist nuns | |
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| The revival of the Bhikkhun&ibar; order in Sri Lanka | |
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| The revival of Buddhist nuns in Nepal | |
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| Buddhist activism | |
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| Ambedkar Buddhism | |
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| Buddhist development in Sri Lanka | |
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| Tibetan Buddhism in South Asia | |
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| Lay Buddhist practice | |
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| Appendix | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Index | |