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Acknowledgments and recommendation for further reading | |
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Preface to the second edition | |
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Introduction | |
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Introductory information | |
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A social history of Buddhism? | |
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The limitations of Marxist and Weberian views of religion | |
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Unintended consequences | |
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The Sangha | |
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What inquiries will the evidence support? | |
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Theravadin history: the uneven pace of change | |
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Buddhist identity | |
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Gotama Buddha's problem situation | |
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Vedic civilization | |
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The Vedic tradition | |
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The early Vedic period | |
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Later Vedic society | |
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Religion in the later Vedic period | |
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Karma and escape from re-birth | |
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The social conditions of his day | |
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To whom did the Buddha's message appeal? | |
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The Buddha's Dhamma | |
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The Dhamma in its context: answers to brahminism | |
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Buddhism as religious individualism | |
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An ethic for the socially mobile | |
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The Buddha on kings and politics | |
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The Sangha's discipline | |
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General principles of the vinaya | |
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Dating and development of the rules | |
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The middle way between discomfort and indulgence | |
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The disbarring offences and enforcement of chastity | |
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Hierarchies of age and sex | |
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The formal organization of the Sangha | |
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Sect formation: Theravada defined | |
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Maintaining conformity | |
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Relations between ordained and laity | |
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The accommodation between Buddhism and society in ancient India | |
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Buddhist devotion | |
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The Buddha as an object of faith and devotion | |
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Pilgrimage | |
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Relics | |
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Mortuary rituals and 'transfer of merit' | |
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Secular power: Asoka | |
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Asoka's inscriptions | |
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Asoka in Buddhist tradition | |
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The missions: interpreting the evidence | |
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The Buddhist tradition in Sri Lanka | |
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The Sinhalese Buddhist identity | |
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Periodization of Sinhalese Buddhist history | |
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Sources | |
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Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism | |
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Cosmology | |
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A Buddhist society | |
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Worship of Buddha images | |
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Role of the village monk | |
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The achievements of Mahinda's mission | |
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Establishing Buddhism in a new country | |
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The Sangha's duty to preserve the scriptures | |
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The use of Pali: Buddhaghosa | |
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Translation and popularization | |
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Village dweller and forest dweller | |
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The structure of the Sangha in Ceylon | |
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Formal state control of the Sangha | |
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Sangha and state in Anuradhapura | |
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The Sangha as landlords | |
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Decline... | |
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...and revival | |
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The character of Sinhalese Buddhist religiosity | |
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Protestant Buddhism | |
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The disestablishment of the Sangha | |
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The British missions | |
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Early Buddhist reactions | |
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The rise of the Buddhist laity | |
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The impact of the Theosophists | |
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Anagarika Dharmapala | |
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Lay religious activism | |
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Other characteristics of Protestant Buddhism | |
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Limited scope of Protestant Buddhism | |
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Current trends, new problems | |
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Religious pluralism | |
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The new ethos | |
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Unintended consequences of lay religious activism | |
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Recent economic and social developments | |
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The cultural effect of the war | |
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Hinduizing trends | |
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The decline of rationality | |
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The crisis of authority | |
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Altered states of consciousness | |
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Using Buddhism for this world | |
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Developments in the Sangha | |
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The challenge | |
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Works cited | |
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Abbreviations and primary sources | |
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References | |
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Index | |