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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgements | |
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| Preface to the Second Edition | |
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| Preface to the Third Edition | |
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| Introduction: On the Sources of Knowledge and of Ignorance | |
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| Conjectures | |
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| Science: Conjectures and Refutations | |
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| Some Problems in the Philosophy of Science | |
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| The Nature of Philosophical Problems and their Roots in Science | |
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| Three Views Concerning Human Knowledge | |
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| The Science of Galileo and Its Most Recent Betrayal | |
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| The Issue at Stake | |
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| The First View: Ultimate Explanation by Essences | |
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| The Second View: Theories as Instruments | |
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| Criticism of the Instrumentalist View | |
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| The Third View: Conjectures, Truth, and Reality | |
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| Towards a Rational Theory of Tradition | |
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| Back to the Presocratics | |
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| Historical Conjectures and Heraclitus on Change | |
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| A Note on Berkeley as Precursor of Mach and Einstein | |
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| Kant's Critique and Cosmology | |
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| Kant and the Enlightenment | |
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| Kant's Newtonian Cosmology | |
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| The Critique and the Cosmological Problem | |
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| Space and Time | |
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| Kant's Copernican Revolution | |
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| The Doctrine of Autonomy | |
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| On the Status of Science and of Metaphysics | |
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| Kant and the Logic of Experience | |
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| The Problem of the Irrefutability of Philosophical Theories | |
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| Why are the Calculi of Logic and Arithmetic Applicable to Reality? | |
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| Truth, Rationality, and the Growth of Scientific Knowledge | |
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| The Growth of Knowledge: Theories and Problems | |
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| The Theory of Objective Truth: Correspondence to the Facts | |
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| Truth and Content: Verisimilitude versus Probability | |
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| Background Knowledge and Scientific Growth | |
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| Three Requirements for the Growth of Knowledge | |
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| A Presumably False yet Formally Highly Probable Non-Empirical Statement | |
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| Refutations | |
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| The Demarcation Between Science and Metaphysics | |
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| Introduction | |
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| My Own View of the Problem | |
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| Carnap's First Theory of Meaninglessness | |
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| Carnap and the Language of Science | |
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| Testability and Meaning | |
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| Probability and Induction | |
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| Language and the Body-Mind Problem | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Four Major Functions of Language | |
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| A Group of Theses | |
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| The Machine Argument | |
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| The Causal Theory of Naming | |
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| Interaction | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| A Note on the Body-Mind Problem | |
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| Self-Reference and Meaning in Ordinary Language | |
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| What is Dialectic? | |
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| Dialectic Explained | |
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| Hegelian Dialectic | |
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| Dialectic After Hegel | |
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| Prediction and Prophecy in the Social Sciences | |
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| Public Opinion and Liberal Principles | |
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| The Myth of Public Opinion | |
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| The Dangers of Public Opinion | |
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| Liberal Principles: A Group of Theses | |
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| The Liberal Theory of Free Discussion | |
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| The Forms of Public Opinion | |
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| Some Practical Problems: Censorship and Monopolies of Publicity | |
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| A Short List of Political Illustrations | |
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| Summary | |
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| Utopia and Violence | |
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| The History of Our Time: An Optimist's View | |
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| Humanism and Reason | |
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| Addenda: Some Technical Notes | |
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| Empirical Content | |
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| Probability and the Severity of Tests | |
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| Verisimilitude | |
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| Numerical Examples | |
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| Artificial vs. Formalized Languages | |
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| A Historical Note on Verisimilitude (1964) | |
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| Some Further Hints on Verisimilitude (1968) | |
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| Further Remarks on the Presocratics, especially on Parmenides (1968) | |
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| The Presocratics: Unity or Novelty? (1968) | |
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| An Argument, due to Mark Twain, against Naive Empiricism (1989) | |
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| Index of Mottoes | |
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| Index of Names | |
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| Index of Subjects | |