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| List of Figures | |
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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgements | |
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| How to Think Logically | |
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| Validity and Soundness | |
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| Deduction and Induction | |
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| The Hardness of the Logical 'Must' | |
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| Formal Logic and Formal Validity | |
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| Identifying Logical Form | |
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| Invalidity | |
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| The Value of Formal Logic | |
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| A Brief Note on the History of Formal Logic | |
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| How to Prove that You Can Argue Logically #1 | |
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| A Formal Language for Formal Logic | |
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| The Formal Language PL | |
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| Arguments and Sequents | |
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| Proof and the Rules of Natural Deduction | |
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| Defining: 'Proof-in-PL' | |
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| Conditionals 1: MP | |
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| Conditionals 2: CP | |
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| Augmentation: Conditional Proof for Exam Purposes | |
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| Theorems | |
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| The Biconditional | |
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| Entailment and Material Implication | |
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| How to Prove that You Can Argue Logically #2 | |
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| Conditionals Again | |
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| Conditionals, Negation and Double Negation | |
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| Introducing Disjunction | |
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| vElimination | |
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| More on vElimination | |
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| Arguing Logically for Exam Purposes: How to Construct Formal Proofs | |
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| Reductio Ad Absurdum | |
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| The Golden Rule Completed | |
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| A Final Note on Rules of Inference for PL | |
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| Defining 'Formula of PL': Syntax, Structure and Recursive Definition | |
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| Examination 1 in Formal Logic | |
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| Formal Logic and Formal Semantics #1 | |
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| Syntax and Semantics | |
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| The Principle of Bivalence | |
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| Truth-Functionality | |
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| Truth-Functions, Truth-Tables and the Logical Connectives | |
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| Constructing Truth-Tables | |
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| Tautologous, Inconsistent and Contingent Formulas in PL | |
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| Semantic Consequence | |
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| Guide to Further Reading | |
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| Truth-Tables Again: Four Alternative Ways to Test for Validity | |
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| Semantic Equivalence | |
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| Truth-Trees | |
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| More on Truth-Trees | |
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| The Adequacy of the Logical Connectives | |
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| Examination 2 in Formal Logic | |
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| An Introduction to First Order Predicate Logic | |
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| Logical Form Revisited: The Formal Language QL | |
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| More on the Formulas of QL | |
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| The Universal Quantifier and the Existential Quantifier | |
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| Introducing the Notion of a QL Interpretation | |
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| Valid and Invalid Sequents of QL | |
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| Negation and the Interdefinability of the Quantifiers | |
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| How to Think Logically about Relationships: Part One | |
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| How to Think Logically about Relationships: Part Two | |
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| How to Think Logically about Relationships: Part Three | |
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| How to Think Logically about Relationships: Part Four | |
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| Formal Properties of Relations | |
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| Introducing Identity | |
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| Identity and Numerically Definite Quantification | |
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| Russell #1: Names and Descriptions | |
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| Russell #2: On Existence | |
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| Examination 3 in Formal Logic | |
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| How to Argue Logically in QL | |
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| Introduction: Formal Logic and Science Fiction | |
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| Reasoning with the Universal Quantifier 1: The Rule UE | |
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| Reasoning with the Universal Quantifier 2: The Rule UI | |
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| Introducing the Existential Quantifier: The Rule EI | |
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| A Brief Note on Free Logic | |
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| Eliminating the Existential Quantifier: The Rule EE | |
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| Reasoning with Relations | |
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| Proof-Theory for Identity: The Rules =I and =E | |
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| Strategies for Proof-Construction in QL #1 | |
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| Strategies for Proof-Construction in QL #2 | |
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| Examination 4 in Formal Logic | |
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| Formal Logic and Formal Semantics #2 | |
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| Truth-Trees Revisited | |
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| More on QL Truth-Trees | |
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| Relations Revisited: The Undecidability of First Order Logic | |
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| A Final Note on the Truth-Tree Method: Relations and Identity | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Index | |