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| List of Figures and Tables | |
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| Preface | |
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| Groups and Individuals | |
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| Interest Groups and the Changing Nature of Political Science | |
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| Institutionalism | |
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| Interest Groups and Pluralism | |
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| Critics of Pluralism | |
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| Formal Theory: An Operating Theory of Politics | |
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| Notes | |
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| Why Do Individuals Join Groups? | |
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| Introduction | |
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| David B. Truman and the Formation of Interest Groups | |
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| Mancur Olson and the Formation of Interest Groups | |
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| Evidence and Empirical Concerns | |
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| New Insights | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Notes | |
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| Interest Group Entrepreneurs | |
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| Introduction | |
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| What Are the Marks of Entrepreneurship? | |
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| Salisbury's Exchange Theory | |
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| Entrepreneurs and Coordination | |
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| Group Entrepreneurs as Government Agents | |
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| Theory and Practice: Tools for Today's Entrepreneurs | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Notes | |
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| Representing Interests | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Identifying Majoritarian Interests | |
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| Principals and Agents | |
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| Groups and Democratic Governance | |
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| Decision Making in Groups | |
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| Social Choice Theory and Group Decision Making | |
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| Solutions to Unraveling | |
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| Examples of Group Governance | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Notes | |
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| Summary of Part I | |
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| Groups and Government | |
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| The Lobbying Environment in Washington | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Interests and the Government | |
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| A Brief History of Interest Representation in Washington | |
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| Changes in Congress: Leadership and Committees | |
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| Lobbying Enterprises and Reverse Lobbying | |
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| Who's Represented in Washington | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Notes | |
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| Lobbying | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Day-to-Day Context of Lobbying | |
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| Legislator-Lobbyist Interactions | |
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| The Representation Problem | |
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| Characterizing the Legislator-Lobbyist Interaction | |
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| Statutory Regulations of Lobbyists | |
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| Informal Means of Regulating Lobbyists | |
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| Does the System Work? | |
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| Theory and Practice: Interpreting Rules and Guidelines for Lobbying | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Notes | |
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| Organized Interests and the Executive and Judicial Branches | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Executive Branch Lobbying | |
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| Organized Interests and the Courts | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Notes | |
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| Organized Interests in the Electorate: Grassroots Politics | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Early Examples of Grassroots Campaigns | |
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| Grassroots Today | |
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| Groups and the Media | |
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| Ballot Initiatives and Referenda | |
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| The Representation Problem Revisited: Organizing Others' Grassroots | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Notes | |
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| Elections, Groups, and Money | |
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| Introduction | |
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| A Brief History of Money and Elections | |
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| Who Forms PACs? | |
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| Cash Flow: Who Gets PAC Money? | |
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| Effects of Group Money on Elections | |
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| Vote Buying in the House | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Notes | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Governmental Responsiveness and Contradictory Demands | |
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| Groups and the Distribution of Social Costs | |
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| Problems Associated with an Interest Group Society and Their Possible Solutions | |
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| Are Groups Solely Responsible for the Problems within an Interest Group Society? | |
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| What Is to Be Done? | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Notes | |
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| Glossary of Formal Terms | |
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| References | |
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| Books and Scholarly Articles | |
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| Court Cases | |
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| Media Sources | |
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| Index | |