| |
| |
| List of Maps | |
| |
| |
| About the Author | |
| |
| |
| Preface | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| What Is Comparative Politics? | |
| |
| |
| The Comparative Method | |
| |
| |
| Quantitative versus Qualitative Research | |
| |
| |
| Debates in Comparative Politics | |
| |
| |
| A Guiding Approach: Political Institutions | |
| |
| |
| A Guiding Idea: Reconciling Freedom and Equality | |
| |
| |
| In Sum: Looking Ahead | |
| |
| |
| States | |
| |
| |
| Defining the State | |
| |
| |
| The Origins of Political Organization | |
| |
| |
| The Rise of the Modern State | |
| |
| |
| Comparing State Power | |
| |
| |
| Legitimacy | |
| |
| |
| Centralization or Decentralization | |
| |
| |
| In Sum: Studying States | |
| |
| |
| Nations and Society | |
| |
| |
| Ethnic Identity | |
| |
| |
| National Identity | |
| |
| |
| Citizenship and Patriotism | |
| |
| |
| Ethnic Identity, National Identity, and Citizenship: Origins and Persistence | |
| |
| |
| Sources of Ethnic and National Conflict | |
| |
| |
| Political Attitudes and Political Ideology | |
| |
| |
| Political Attitudes | |
| |
| |
| Political Ideology | |
| |
| |
| Fundamentalism and the Crisis of Ideology | |
| |
| |
| Political Culture | |
| |
| |
| In Sum: Society and Politics | |
| |
| |
| Political Economy | |
| |
| |
| The Components of Political Economy | |
| |
| |
| Markets and Property | |
| |
| |
| Public Goods | |
| |
| |
| Social Expenditures: Who Benefits? | |
| |
| |
| Taxation | |
| |
| |
| Money, Inflation, and Unemployment | |
| |
| |
| Regulation | |
| |
| |
| Trade | |
| |
| |
| Political-Economic Systems | |
| |
| |
| Liberalism | |
| |
| |
| Social Democracy | |
| |
| |
| Communism | |
| |
| |
| Mercantilism | |
| |
| |
| Political-Economic Systems and the State: Comparing Outcomes | |
| |
| |
| Gross Domestic Product (GDP) | |
| |
| |
| Gini Index | |
| |
| |
| Human Development Index (HDI) | |
| |
| |
| The Future of Political Economy | |
| |
| |
| In Sum: The End of Economic History? | |
| |
| |
| Authoritarianism and Totalitarianism | |
| |
| |
| Defining Authoritarianism and Totalitarianism | |
| |
| |
| Sources of Nondemocratic Rule | |
| |
| |
| Economic Sources of Nondemocratic Rule | |
| |
| |
| Societal Sources of Nondemocratic Rule | |
| |
| |
| Nondemocratic Regimes and Political Control | |
| |
| |
| Coercion and Surveillance | |
| |
| |
| Co-optation | |
| |
| |
| Personality Cults | |
| |
| |
| Nondemocratic Regimes and Legitimacy | |
| |
| |
| Types of Nondemocratic Rule | |
| |
| |
| Personal and Monarchical Rule | |
| |
| |
| Military Rule | |
| |
| |
| One-Party Rule | |
| |
| |
| Theocracy | |
| |
| |
| Illiberal Regimes | |
| |
| |
| In Sum: Nondemocratic Regimes in Retreat? | |
| |
| |
| Democracy | |
| |
| |
| What Is Democracy? | |
| |
| |
| The Origins of Liberal Democracy and the Rule of Law | |
| |
| |
| Athenian Democracy and Roman Republicanism | |
| |
| |
| England: The Birthplace of Liberal Democracy | |
| |
| |
| Institutionalizing Democracy | |
| |
| |
| Participation: Voting and Elections | |
| |
| |
| Electoral Systems | |
| |
| |
| Referendum and Initiative | |
| |
| |
| Competition: Political Parties and the Separation of Powers | |
| |
| |
| Political Parties | |
| |
| |
| The Separation of Powers | |
| |
| |
| Liberty: Civil Rights, Civil Liberties, and Civil Society | |
| |
| |
| In Sum: Future Challenges to Democracy | |
| |
| |
| Advanced Democracies | |
| |
| |
| Defining Advanced Democracy | |
| |
| |
| Freedom and Equality in Advanced Democracies | |
| |
| |
| Advanced Democracies Today | |
| |
| |
| States and Sovereignty: Challenges and Opportunities | |
| |
| |
| The European Union: Integration, Expansion, and Resistance | |
| |
| |
| Devolution and Democracy | |
| |
| |
| Social Change and Conflict | |
| |
| |
| Postmodern Values and Organization | |
| |
| |
| Diversity, Identity, and the Challenge to Postmodern Values | |
| |
| |
| Economic Change | |
| |
| |
| Postindustrialism | |
| |
| |
| Maintaining the Welfare State | |
| |
| |
| In Sum: The Advanced Democracies in Transition | |
| |
| |
| Communism and Postcommunism | |
| |
| |
| Communism, Equality, and the Nature of Human Relations | |
| |
| |
| Revolution and the "Triumph" of Communism | |
| |
| |
| Putting Communism into Practice | |
| |
| |
| Communist Political Economy | |
| |
| |
| Societal Institutions under Communism | |
| |
| |
| The Collapse of Communism | |
| |
| |
| Political Institutions in Transition | |
| |
| |
| Reorganizing the State and Constructing a Democratic Regime | |
| |
| |
| Evaluating Political Transitions | |
| |
| |
| Economic Institutions in Transition | |
| |
| |
| Privatization and Marketization | |
| |
| |
| Evaluating Economic Transitions | |
| |
| |
| Societal Institutions in Transition | |
| |
| |
| Re-creating Identities | |
| |
| |
| Evaluating Societal Transitions | |
| |
| |
| In Sum: The Legacy of Communism | |
| |
| |
| Less-Developed and Newly Industrializing Countries | |
| |
| |
| Freedom and Equality in the Newly Industrializing and Less-Developed Countries | |
| |
| |
| Imperialism and Colonialism | |
| |
| |
| Institutions of Imperialism | |
| |
| |
| Exporting the State | |
| |
| |
| Social Identities | |
| |
| |
| Dependent Development | |
| |
| |
| The Challenges of Postimperialism | |
| |
| |
| Building State Capacity and Autonomy | |
| |
| |
| Forging Social Identities | |
| |
| |
| Generating Economic Growth | |
| |
| |
| Prospects for Democracy and Development | |
| |
| |
| Rebuilding State Power | |
| |
| |
| Supporting Civil Society | |
| |
| |
| Promoting Economic Prosperity | |
| |
| |
| In Sum: The Challenges of Development | |
| |
| |
| Globalization | |
| |
| |
| What Is Globalization? | |
| |
| |
| Institutions and Globalization | |
| |
| |
| Political Globalization | |
| |
| |
| Economic Globalization | |
| |
| |
| Societal Globalization | |
| |
| |
| Globalization: Myths and Realities | |
| |
| |
| Is Globalization New? | |
| |
| |
| Is Globalization Exaggerated? | |
| |
| |
| Is Globalization Inevitable? | |
| |
| |
| In Sum: Freedom and Equality in a Globalized World | |
| |
| |
| Political Violence | |
| |
| |
| What Is Political Violence? | |
| |
| |
| Why Political Violence? | |
| |
| |
| Institutional Explanations | |
| |
| |
| Ideational Explanations | |
| |
| |
| Individual Explanations | |
| |
| |
| Forms of Political Violence | |
| |
| |
| Revolution | |
| |
| |
| Terrorism | |
| |
| |
| Terrorism and Revolution: Means and Ends | |
| |
| |
| Political Violence in Context: Faith, Terrorism, and Revolution | |
| |
| |
| Countering Political Violence | |
| |
| |
| In Sum: Meeting the Challenge of Political Violence | |
| |
| |
| Glossary | |
| |
| |
| Index | |