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Preface | |
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List of Illustrations and Figures | |
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The Problem of Perception | |
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Expanding Horizons | |
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Culture and Nature | |
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Science and Christian Tradition | |
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The Nature of Science | |
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The Scientific Method | |
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Science as a Social Activity | |
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Science and Ideology | |
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The Ancient and Medieval Worlds | |
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Greece and Rome | |
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Rival Cosmologies | |
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Plato and Aristotle | |
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Late Antiquity | |
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The Medieval Period | |
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Bestiaries and Herbals | |
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The Revival of Scholarship | |
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Renaissance and Revolution | |
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Humanism and the Natural World | |
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Secret Powers | |
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The Riches of Nature | |
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Animal, Vegetable and Mineral | |
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The Great Instauration | |
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Natural History and Revolution | |
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The Mechanical Philosophy | |
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Theories of the Earth | |
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Science in an Age of Reason | |
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Classification and Explanation | |
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The Earth Described | |
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The Origin of the Earth | |
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The Meaning of Fossils | |
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New Cosmogonies | |
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Fire and Water | |
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Neptunism | |
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Plutonism | |
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Nature and the Enlightenment | |
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The Diversity of Life | |
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The Classical Era | |
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The Social Environment | |
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The Argument from Design | |
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The System of Nature | |
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The Chain of Being | |
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System and Method | |
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Linnaeus | |
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The Economy of Nature | |
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Rural Harmony | |
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Maintaining the Balance | |
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The Geography of Life | |
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The Possibilities of Change | |
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Filling in the Gaps | |
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Buffon | |
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Materialism and the Origin of Life | |
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Natural Progress | |
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The Heroic Age | |
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The Organization of Science | |
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Europe Surveys the Earth | |
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America Catches Up | |
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A New Geography | |
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Humboldt and the Cosmos | |
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Humboldtian Science | |
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The Geological Record | |
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Fossils and Stratigraphy | |
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The Ancient Rocks | |
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Climate and Time | |
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The Cooling Earth | |
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Ice Ages | |
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Mountains and Continents | |
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The Shrinking Earth | |
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Floating Continents | |
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The Rate of Change | |
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Catastrophist Geology | |
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The Uniformity of Nature | |
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The Age of the Earth | |
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The Philosophical Naturalists | |
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Knowledge and Power | |
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Professionals and Amateurs | |
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Science and Politics | |
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The Pattern of Nature | |
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Chains, Trees and Circles | |
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Form and Function | |
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The Geography of Plants | |
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Botanical Provinces | |
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Historical Biogeography | |
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The History of Life | |
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The Extinction of Species | |
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Progressive Development | |
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The Process of Change | |
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Transmutation before Darwin | |
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The Origins of Darwin's Theory | |
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Natural Selection | |
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The Age of Evolution | |
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Exploit or Conserve? | |
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Science and Empire | |
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The Professionalization of Biology | |
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Early Conservationism | |
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The Darwinian Revolution | |
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Interpretations of Darwinism | |
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The Darwinians | |
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Anti-Darwinism | |
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The Tree of Life | |
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Evolutionary Morphology | |
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Fossils and Ancestors | |
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Human Origins | |
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Evolution and the Environment | |
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Paths of Migration | |
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Evolution and Adaptation | |
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The Origins of Ecology | |
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The New Biology | |
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Plant Ecology | |
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The Earth Sciences | |
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Science in the Modern World | |
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Expansion and Fragmentation | |
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The Age of Big Science | |
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The End of Exploration | |
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A Global Physics | |
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Weather Patterns | |
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Ice Ages Again | |
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Drifting Continents | |
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Geology in Crisis | |
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Wegener's Initiative | |
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The Reaction to Wegener | |
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Plate Tectonics | |
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Paleomagnetism | |
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Sea-Floor Spreading | |
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Past and Present | |
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Darwinism Triumphant | |
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Science and Ideology | |
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Images of Power | |
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Nature and Culture | |
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The Evolutionary Synthesis | |
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Parallel Evolution | |
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The Defence of Lamarckism | |
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Population Genetics | |
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The New Darwinism | |
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The Implications of Darwinism | |
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Animal Behaviour | |
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Mind and Brain | |
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Evolution and Ethology | |
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Primate Studies | |
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Sociobiology | |
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Ecology and Environmentalism | |
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Changing Values | |
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Subduing the Wild | |
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The Rise of Environmentalism | |
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Ecology Comes of Age | |
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Plant Ecology | |
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Animal Ecology | |
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Marine Ecology | |
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Modern Ecology | |
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Populations and Systems | |
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Ecology and the Environmental Crisis | |
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Notes | |
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Bibliographical Essay | |
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Index | |