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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| The Urban Ecosystem | |
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| The Dynamics of Urban (Eco)Systems | |
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| Cities as Human Systems | |
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| Cities as Ecological Systems | |
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| Cities as Hybrid Ecosystems | |
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| Complexity, Emergent Properties, and Self-Organization | |
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| Resilience in Urban Ecosystems | |
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| Rationale for a Synthesis | |
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| Humans as a Component of Ecosystems | |
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| Emergence and Evolution of Settlement Patterns | |
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| Modeling Urban Development and Ecology | |
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| An Agent-Based Hierarchical Model | |
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| Modeling Changes in Land Use and Land Cover | |
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| Changes in Land Use and Land Cover in Puget Sound | |
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| Urban Patterns and Ecosystem Function | |
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| Patterns, Processes, and Functions in Urban Ecosystems | |
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| Net Primary Productivity | |
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| Hydrological Function | |
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| Nutrient Cycles | |
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| Biodiversity | |
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| Disturbance Regimes | |
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| An Empirical Study in Puget Sound | |
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| Landscape Signatures | |
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| Hybrid Urban Landscapes | |
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| Gradients, Patches, Networks, and Hierarchies | |
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| Urban Landscape Signatures | |
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| Measuring Urban Landscape Patterns | |
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| Detecting Landscape Patterns in Puget Sound | |
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| Monitoring Landscape Change in Puget Sound | |
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| Hydrological Processes | |
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| The Urban Hydrological Cycle | |
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| Urban Hydrological Functions | |
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| Human-Induced Changes in Urban Watersheds | |
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| Urban Patterns and Stream Biotic Integrity | |
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| Biogeochemical Processes | |
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| Urban Biogeochemistry | |
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| The Carbon Cycle | |
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| The Sulfur Cycle | |
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| The Phosphorus Cycle | |
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| The Nitrogen Cycle | |
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| Urban Patterns and Nutrient Cycling | |
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| Atmospheric Processes | |
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| Tropospheric Ozone | |
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| Urban Air Quality and Climate Change | |
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| Urban Heat Islands | |
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| Urban Patterns and Air Quality | |
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| Population and Community Dynamics | |
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| Biodiversity, Ecosystem Function, and Resilience | |
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| Urban Patch Dynamics | |
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| Urban Ecosystem Processes and Biodiversity | |
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| The Intermediate Hypothesis: A Case Study in Puget Sound | |
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| Futures of Urban Ecosystems | |
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| The Challenges: Complexity, Heterogeneity, and Surprise | |
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| Complexity and Predictability | |
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| Spatial and Temporal Heterogeneity | |
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| Threshold, Discontinuity, and Surprises | |
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| Scenario Planning and Adaptive Management | |
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| Hypothetical Scenarios of Urban Ecosystem Functions | |
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| Urban Ecology: A Synthesis | |
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| A Hybrid Ecology | |
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| Toward a Theory of Urban Ecology | |
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| Building Integrated Models | |
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| A Research Agenda for Urban Ecology | |
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| Implications for Urban Planning | |
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| A Final Note | |
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| Glossary | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |