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Acknowledgments | |
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Galois | |
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Influence of Lagrange | |
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Quadratic equations | |
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1700 B.C. to A.D. 1500 | |
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Solution of cubic | |
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Solution of quartic | |
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Impossibility of quintic | |
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Newton | |
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Symmetric polynomials in roots | |
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Fundamental theorem on symmetric polynomials | |
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Proof | |
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Newton's theorem | |
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Discriminants | |
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Solution of cubic | |
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Lagrange and Vandermonde | |
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Lagrange resolvents | |
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Solution of quartic again | |
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Attempt at quintic | |
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Lagrange's Reflexions | |
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Cyclotomic equations | |
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The cases n = 3, 5 | |
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n = 7, 11 | |
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General case | |
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Two lemmas | |
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Gauss's method | |
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p-gons by ruler and compass | |
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Summary | |
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Resolvents | |
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Lagrange's theorem | |
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Proof | |
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Galois resolvents | |
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Existence of Galois resolvents | |
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Representation of the splitting field as K(t) | |
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Simple algebraic extensions | |
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Euclidean algorithm | |
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Construction of simple algebraic extensions | |
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Galois' method | |
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Review | |
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Finite permutation groups | |
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Subgroups, normal subgroups | |
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The Galois group of an equation | |
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Examples | |
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Solvability by radicals | |
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Reduction of the Galois group by a cyclic extension | |
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Solvable groups | |
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Reduction to a normal subgroup of index p | |
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Theorem on solution by radicals (assuming roots of unity) | |
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Summary | |
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Splitting fields | |
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Fundamental theorem of algebra (so-called) | |
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Construction of a splitting field | |
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Need for a factorization method | |
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Three theorems on factorization methods | |
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Uniqueness of factorization of polynomials | |
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Factorization over Z | |
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Over Q | |
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Gauss's lemma, factorization over Q | |
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Over transcendental extensions | |
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Of polynomials in two variables | |
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Over algebraic extensions | |
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Final remarks | |
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Review of Galois theory | |
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Fundamental theorem of Galois theory (so-called) | |
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Galois group of x[superscript p] - 1 = 0 over Q | |
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Solvability of the cyclotomic equation | |
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Theorem on solution by radicals | |
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Equations with literal coefficients | |
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Equations of prime degree | |
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Galois group of x[superscript n] - 1 = 0 over Q | |
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Proof of the main proposition | |
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Deduction of Lemma 2 of 24 | |
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Memoir on the Conditions for Solvability of Equations by Radicals, by Evariste Galois | |
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Synopsis | |
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Groups | |
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Answers to Exercises | |
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List of Exercises | |
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References | |
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Index | |