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| Boxes | |
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| Foreword | |
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| Preface to the Third Edition | |
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| Introduction: Understanding Ideology | |
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| The role of ideas | |
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| What is ideology? | |
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| Concepts of ideology | |
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| Ideology, truth and power | |
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| Left, right and centre | |
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| Political ideologies in the twenty-first century | |
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| The changing world order | |
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| Postmodernity | |
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| Globalization | |
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| Further reading | |
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| Liberalism | |
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| Origins and development | |
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| The primacy of the individual--central themes | |
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| The individual | |
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| Freedom | |
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| Reason | |
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| Justice | |
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| Toleration and diversity | |
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| Liberalism, government and democracy | |
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| The liberal state | |
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| Constitutional government | |
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| Democracy | |
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| Classical liberalism | |
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| Natural rights theory | |
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| Utilitarianism | |
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| Economic liberalism | |
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| Social Darwinism | |
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| Neoliberalism | |
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| Modern liberalism | |
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| Individuality | |
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| Positive freedom | |
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| Social liberalism | |
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| Economic managemen | |
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| Liberalism in the twenty-first century | |
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| Further reading | |
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| Conservatism | |
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| Origins and development | |
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| The desire to conserve--central themes | |
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| Tradition | |
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| Human imperfection | |
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| Organic society | |
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| Hierarchy and authority | |
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| Property | |
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| Authoritarian conservatism | |
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| Paternalistic conservatism | |
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| One nation conservatism | |
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| Christian democracy | |
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| Libertarian conservatism | |
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| New right | |
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| Liberal new right | |
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| Conservative new right | |
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| Tensions within the new right | |
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| Conservatism in the twenty-first century | |
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| Further reading | |
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| Socialism | |
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| Origins and development | |
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| No man is an island--central themes | |
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| Community | |
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| Cooperation | |
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| Equality | |
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| Social class | |
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| Common ownership | |
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| Roads to socialism | |
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| Revolutionary socialism | |
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| Evolutionary socialism | |
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| The inevitability of gradualism? | |
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| Marxism | |
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| Classical | |
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| Philosophy | |
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| Economics | |
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| Politics | |
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| Orthodox communism | |
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| Leninism | |
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| Stalinism | |
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| Modern | |
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| The death of Marxism? | |
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| Social democracy | |
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| Ethical socialism | |
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| Revisionist socialism | |
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| The crisis of social democracy | |
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| Neorevisionism and the 'third way' | |
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| Socialism in the twenty-first century | |
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| Further reading | |
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| Nationalism | |
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| Origins and development | |
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| For the love of country--central themes | |
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| The nation | |
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| Organic community | |
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| Self-determination | |
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| Identity politics | |
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| Nationalism and politics | |
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| Liberal nationalism | |
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| Conservative nationalism | |
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| Expansionist nationalism | |
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| Anticolonial and postcolonial nationalism | |
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| Beyond nationalism | |
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| Liberal internationalism | |
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| Socialist internationalism | |
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| Nationalism in the twenty-first century | |
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| Further reading | |
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| Anarchism | |
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| Origins and development | |
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| Against the state--central themes | |
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| Anti-statism | |
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| Natural order | |
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| Anti-clericalism | |
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| Economic freedom | |
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| Collectivist anarchism | |
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| Mutualism | |
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| Anarcho-syndicalism | |
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| Anarcho-communism | |
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| Individualist anarchism | |
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| Egoism | |
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| Libertarianism | |
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| Anarcho-capitalism | |
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| Roads to anarchy | |
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| Revolutionary violence | |
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| Direct action | |
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| Non-violence | |
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| Anarchism in the twenty-first century | |
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| Further reading | |
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| Fascism | |
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| Origins and development | |
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| Strength through unity--central themes | |
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| Anti-rationalism | |
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| Struggle | |
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| Leadership and elitism | |
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| Socialism | |
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| Ultranationalism | |
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| Fascism and the state | |
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| The totalitarian ideal | |
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| Corporatism | |
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| Modernization | |
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| Fascism and racialism | |
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| The politics of race | |
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| Nazi race theories | |
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| Peasant ideology | |
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| Fascism in the twenty-first century | |
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| Further reading | |
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| Feminism | |
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| Origins and development | |
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| The politics of the personal--central themes | |
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| The public/private divide | |
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| Patriarchy | |
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| Sex and gender | |
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| Equality and difference | |
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| Sex and politics | |
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| Liberal feminism | |
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| Socialist feminism | |
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| Radical feminism | |
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| New feminist traditions | |
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| Feminism in the twenty-first century | |
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| Further reading | |
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| Ecologism | |
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| Origins and development | |
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| Return to nature--central themes | |
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| Ecology | |
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| Holism | |
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| Sustainability | |
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| Environmental ethics | |
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| Self-actualization | |
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| Nature and politics | |
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| Right-wing ecologism | |
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| Ecosocialism | |
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| Eco-anarchism | |
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| Ecofeminism | |
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| Ecologism in the twenty-first century | |
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| Further reading | |
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| Religious Fundamentalism | |
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| Origins and development | |
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| Back to basics--central themes | |
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| Religion and politics | |
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| The fundamentalist impulse | |
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| Anti-modernism | |
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| Militancy | |
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| The family of fundamentalisms | |
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| Islamic fundamentalism | |
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| Shi'ite fundamentalism | |
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| Christian fundamentalism | |
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| The new Christian right | |
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| Other fundamentalisms | |
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| Religious fundamentalism in the twenty-first century | |
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| Further reading | |
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| Conclusion: Ideology without End? | |
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| The end of ideology? | |
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| The end of history? | |
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| Postmodernism as ideology | |
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| Globalism as ideology | |
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| Further reading | |
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| Glossary of Terms | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Index | |