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Modeling Environmental Problems | |
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The Role of Economics in Environmental Management | |
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Economics and the Environment | |
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Fundamental Concepts in Environmental Economics | |
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Identifying Environmental Objectives | |
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Environmental Policy Planning: An Overview | |
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Conclusions | |
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Summary | |
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Review Questions | |
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Additional Readings | |
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Modeling the Market Process: A Review of the Basics | |
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Market Models: The Fundamentals | |
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The Model of Supply and Demand: An Overview | |
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Market Demand | |
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Market Supply | |
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Market Equilibrium | |
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Economic Criteria of Efficiency | |
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Welfare Measures | |
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Conclusions | |
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Summary | |
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Review Questions | |
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Additional Readings | |
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Modeling Market Failure | |
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Environmental Problems: A Market Failure | |
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Environmental Quality: A Public Good | |
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Modeling a Public Goods Market for Environmental Quality | |
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Environmental Problems: Externalities | |
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Modeling Environmental Damage as a Negative Externality | |
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The Absence of Property Rights | |
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Conclusions | |
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Summary | |
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Review Questions | |
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Additional Readings | |
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Modeling Solutions to Environmental Problems | |
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Conventional Solutions to Environmental Problems: The Command-and-Control Approach | |
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Use of Standards in Environmental Policy | |
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Are Environmental Standards Allocatively Efficient? | |
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General Approaches to Implementing Environmental Policy | |
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Is the Command-and-Control Approach Cost-Effective? | |
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Conclusions | |
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Summary | |
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Review Questions | |
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Additional Readings | |
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Economic Solutions to Environmental Problems: The Market Approach | |
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Descriptive Overview | |
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Pollution Charges | |
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Environmental Subsidies | |
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Deposit/Refund Systems | |
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Pollution Permit Trading Systems | |
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Conclusions | |
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Summary | |
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Review Questions | |
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Additional Readings | |
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Analytical Tools for Environmental Planning | |
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Environmental Risk Analysis | |
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Concept of Risk | |
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Risk Assessment | |
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Risk Management | |
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Conclusions | |
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Summary | |
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Review Questions | |
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Additional Readings | |
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Assessing Benefits for Environmental Decision Making | |
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Environmental Benefits: Conceptual Issues | |
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Approaches to Measuring Environmental Benefits: An Overview | |
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Estimation Under the Physical Linkage Approach | |
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Direct Estimation Methods Under the Behavioral Linkage Approach | |
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Indirect Estimation Methods Under the Behavioral Linkage Approach | |
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Conclusions | |
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Summary | |
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Review Questions | |
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Additional Readings | |
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Assessing Costs for Environmental Decision Making | |
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Environmental Costs: Conceptual Issues | |
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Estimation Methods for Measuring Explicit Costs | |
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Cost Classifications in Practice | |
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Conclusions | |
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Summary | |
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Review Questions | |
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Additional Readings | |
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Benefit-Cost Analysis in Environmental Decision Making | |
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Time Adjustments to Environmental Benefits and Costs | |
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The Final Analysis: Comparing Environmental Benefits and Costs | |
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Reservations About the Use of Benefit-Cost Analysis | |
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U.S. Government Support of Benefit-Cost Analysis | |
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Reducing Lead in Gasoline: A Real-World Example | |
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Conclusions | |
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Summary | |
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Review Questions | |
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Additional Readings | |
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The Case of Air | |
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Defining Air Quality: The Standard-Setting Process | |
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Overview of U.S. Air Quality Legislation | |
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Defining the Objectives of Air Quality Control | |
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Setting Standards to Define Air Quality | |
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Implementing the Standards | |
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Analysis of U.S. Air Quality Policy | |
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Benefit-Cost Analysis of the Clean Air Act | |
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Benefit-Cost Analysis of the Air Quality Standards | |
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Conclusions | |
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Summary | |
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Review Questions | |
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Additional Readings | |
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A Reference to Acronyms and Terms Used in Air Quality Control Policy | |
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Improving Air Quality: Controlling Mobile Sources | |
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Urban Air Pollution: An Important Policy Motivation | |
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Controlling Mobile Sources | |
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Economic Analysis of Mobile Source Controls | |
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Conclusions | |
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Summary | |
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Review Questions | |
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Additional Readings | |
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A Reference to Acronyms and Terms Used in Mobile Source Control Policy | |
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Improving Air Quality: Controlling Stationary Sources | |
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Acidic Deposition: An Important Policy Motivation | |
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Controlling Stationary Sources | |
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Economic Analysis of Stationary Source Controls | |
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Conclusions | |
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Summary | |
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Review Questions | |
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Additional Readings | |
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A Reference to Acronyms and Terms Used in Stationary Source Control Policy | |
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Global Air Quality: Policies for Ozone Depletion and Global Warming | |
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The Problem of Ozone Depletion | |
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Controlling Ozone Depletion | |
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Economic Analysis of Ozone Depletion Policy | |
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The Problem of Greenhouse Gases and Global Warming | |
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Policy Response to Global Warming | |
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Economic Analysis of Global Warming Control Policies | |
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Conclusions | |
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Summary | |
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Review Questions | |
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Additional Readings | |
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A Reference to Acronyms and Terms in Global Air Quality Control Policy | |
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The Case of Water | |
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Defining Water Quality: The Standard-Setting Process | |
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Understanding Water Resources | |
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Overview of U.S. Water Quality Legislation | |
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Policy Objectives | |
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Setting Standards to Define Water Quality | |
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Analysis of Receiving Water Quality Standards | |
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Benefit-Cost Analysis of the Clean Water Act | |
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Conclusions | |
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Summary | |
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Review Questions | |
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Additional Readings | |
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A Reference to Acronyms and Terms in Water Quality Control Policy | |
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Improving Water Quality: Controlling Point and Nonpoint Sources | |
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Controlling Point Sources | |
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Analysis of the Effluent Limitations | |
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The POTW Funding Program | |
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Analysis of the POTW Funding Program | |
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Controlling Nonpoint Sources | |
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Analysis of Nonpoint Source Controls | |
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Market-Based Solutions | |
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Watershed Management | |
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Conclusions | |
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Summary | |
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Review Questions | |
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Additional Readings | |
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A Reference to Acronyms and Terms in Water Quality Control Policy | |
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Protecting Drinking Water: The Safe Drinking Water Act | |
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Overview of U.S. Drinking Water Legislation | |
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Setting Standards to Define Safe Drinking Water | |
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Economic Analysis of Safe Drinking Water Policy | |
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Economic Principles in Pricing Water Supplies | |
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Conclusions | |
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Summary | |
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Review Questions | |
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Additional Readings | |
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A Reference to Acronyms and Terms in Drinking Water Quality Control | |
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The Case of Solid Wastes and Toxic Substances | |
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Managing Hazardous Solid Waste and Waste Sites | |
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Characterizing the Hazardous Waste Problem | |
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Overview of U.S. Hazardous Waste Policy | |
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Controlling Hazardous Wastes: RCRA | |
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Analysis of U.S. Hazardous Waste Policy | |
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Overview of U.S. Hazardous Waste Site Policy | |
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Managing Uncontrolled Hazardous Waste Sites: Superfund | |
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An Analysis of Superfund | |
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Conclusions | |
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Summary | |
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Review Questions | |
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Additional Readings | |
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A Reference to Acronyms and Terms in Hazardous Waste Control Policy | |
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Managing Municipal Solid Waste | |
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Characterizing Municipal Solid Waste | |
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The Policy Response: An Overview | |
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The Market for MSW Management Services | |
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Market Approaches to MSW Policy | |
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Conclusions | |
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Summary | |
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Review Questions | |
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Additional Readings | |
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A Reference to Acronyms and Terms in Municipal Solid Waste Policy | |
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Controlling Pesticides and Toxic Chemicals | |
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Overview of U.S. Pesticide Controls | |
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Controlling Pesticide Use | |
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Analysis of FIFRA | |
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Overview of U.S. Legislation on Toxic Chemicals | |
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Controlling Chemical Use | |
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Analysis of TSCA | |
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Economic Analysis and Market-Based Policy | |
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Conclusions | |
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Summary | |
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Review Questions | |
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Additional Readings | |
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A Reference to Acronyms and Terms in Toxic Substances Policy Control | |
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Global Environmental Management | |
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Sustainable Development: International Trade and International Agreements | |
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Sustainable Development as a Global Objective | |
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Global Framework for Sustainable Development | |
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International Agreements to Control Transboundary Pollution | |
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International Trade and Environmental Protection | |
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Conclusions | |
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Summary | |
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Review Questions | |
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Additional Readings | |
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Sustainable Approaches: Industrial Ecology and Pollution Prevention | |
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Industrial Ecology | |
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Pollution Prevention | |
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Strategic Initiatives and Programs | |
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Conclusions | |
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Summary | |
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Review Questions | |
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Additional Readings | |
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References | |
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Glossary | |
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Index | |