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Introduction to Anesthesia | |
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History of anesthesia | |
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The Veterinary Technician's Role in the Practice of Anesthesia | |
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Patient Preparation | |
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Communication-A Key to Success | |
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The Minimum Patient Database | |
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Patient History | |
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Physical Examination and Physical Assessment | |
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Preanesthetic Diagnostic Workup | |
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Determination of the Physical Status Classification | |
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Selection of the Anesthetic Protocol | |
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Preinduction Patient Care | |
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Withholding Food before Anesthesia | |
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Patient Stabilization | |
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Intravenous Catheterization | |
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Reasons for Intravenous Catheterization | |
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Choosing and Placing an Intravenous Catheter | |
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Fluid administration | |
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Composition of Body Fluids | |
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Fluid Homeostasis | |
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Fluid Needs | |
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Classification of IV Fluids | |
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IV Fluid Selection and Administration Rates | |
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Adverse Effects of Fluid Administration | |
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Calculating Fluid Administration Rates | |
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Other Preanesthetic Care | |
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Anesthetic Agents and Adjuncts | |
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Introduction to Anesthetic Agents and Adjuncts | |
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Agonists, Partial Agonists, Mixed Agonist-Antagonists, and Antagonists | |
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Analgesic Effects of Anesthetics and Adjuncts | |
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Using drugs in combination | |
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Regulatory Considerations for Controlled Substances | |
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Preanesthetic Medications | |
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Reasons for the use of preanesthetic medications | |
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Anticholinergics | |
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Tranquilizers and Sedatives | |
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Opioids | |
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Neuroleptanalgesia | |
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Opioid Antagonists | |
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Injectable Anesthetics | |
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Barbiturates | |
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Propofol | |
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Dissociative anesthetics | |
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Etomidate | |
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Guaifenesin. | |
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Inhalation Anesthetics | |
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Classes of Inhalation Agents | |
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CNS and Respiratory Stimulants | |
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Doxapram | |
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Anesthetic Equipment | |
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Endotracheal Tubes and Associated Equipment | |
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Endotracheal tube parts | |
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Laryngoscopes | |
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Masks | |
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Anesthetic Chambers | |
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Anesthetic Machines | |
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Components of the Anesthetic Machine | |
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Rebreathing Systems | |
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Non-rebreathing Systems | |
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Operation of the Anesthetic Machine | |
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Care and Maintenance of Anesthetic Equipment | |
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Anesthetic Monitoring | |
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Introduction to Monitoring | |
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Stages and Planes of Anesthesia | |
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Overview of Anesthetic Stages and Planes | |
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Finding the Optimum Depth | |
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Determining whether or not the Patient is Safe | |
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Indicators of Circulation | |
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Heart rate | |
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Heart rhythm | |
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Capillary refill time | |
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Blood Pressure | |
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Pulse strength | |
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Indicators of Oxygenation | |
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Mucous membrane color | |
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Physiology of Oxygen transport | |
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Pulse Oximeter | |
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Blood Gas Analysis | |
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Indicators of Ventilation | |
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Respiratory rate | |
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Tidal volume | |
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Respiratory Character | |
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Apnea monitor | |
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Capnograph (End-tidal CO<sub>2</sub> monitor) | |
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Blood gas analysis | |
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Indicators of Body Temperature | |
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Assessment of Anesthetic Depth | |
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Reflexes and Other Indicators of Anesthetic Depth | |
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Judging Anesthetic Depth | |
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Recording Information during Anesthesia | |
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Special Techniques | |
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Local anesthesia | |
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Local anesthetic agents | |
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Characteristics of local anesthetics | |
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Mechanism of Action | |
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Route of Administration of Local Anesthetics | |
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Toxicity of Local Anesthetics | |
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Assisted and controlled ventilation | |
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Ventilation in the Awake Animal | |
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Ventilation in the Anesthetized Animal | |
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Types of Controlled Ventilation | |
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Risks of Controlled Ventilation | |
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Neuromuscular blocking agents | |
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Analgesia | |
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Physiology of pain | |
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Consequences of untreated pain | |
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Signs of pain in animals | |
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Pain assessment tools | |
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Assessing response to therapy | |
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Perioperative pain management | |
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Pharmacologic analgesic therapy | |
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Opioid Agents | |
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Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs | |
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Other Analgesic Agents | |
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Multimodal Therapy | |
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Home Analgesia | |
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Nursing care | |
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Non-pharmacologic therapies | |
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Canine and Feline Anesthesia | |
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Patient Preparation | |
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Selecting a Protocol | |
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Summary of a General Anesthetic Procedure | |
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Anesthetic induction with an IM agent or combination | |
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Anesthetic induction with an IV injection of an ultra-short acting agent to effect | |
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Total Intravenous Anesthesia (TIVA) by IV boluses of an ultra-short acting agent | |
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Total Intravenous Anesthesia (TIVA) by constant rate infusion (CRI) | |
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Induction and maintenance with an inhalant agent | |
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IV induction and maintenance with an inhalant agent | |
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Equipment Preparation | |
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Premedication or Sedation | |
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Anesthetic Induction | |
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IV Induction | |
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Inhalation Agents | |
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Mask Induction | |
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Chamber Induction | |
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IM Induction | |
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Oral administration | |
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Endotracheal Intubation | |
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Equipment for Endotracheal Intubation | |
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Selecting an Endotracheal Tube | |
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Preparing the Tube | |
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Intubation Procedure | |
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Checking for Proper Placement | |
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Securing the Tube | |
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Cuff inflation | |
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Laryngospasm | |
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Complications of Intubation | |
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Maintenance of Anesthesia | |
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Maintenance with an Inhalant Agent | |
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Maintenance with repeat boluses of propofol or other ultrashort-acting agent | |
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Maintenance with a CRI | |
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Maintenance with injectable and inhalant agents | |
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Maintenance with an IM injection | |
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Patient Positioning, Comfort and Safety | |
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Anesthetic Recovery | |
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Anesthetist's Role in the Recovery Period | |
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Signs of Recovery | |
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Monitoring | |
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Oxygen Therapy | |
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Extubation | |
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The Postanesthetic Period | |
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Equine Anesthesia | |
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Patient Preparation | |
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Selecting a Protocol | |
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Summary of a General Anesthetic Procedure | |
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Equipment Preparation | |
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Premedication or Sedation | |
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Standing chemical restraint | |
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Anesthetic Induction | |
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IV Induction | |
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Inhalation Induction via Nasotracheal Tube | |
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Endotracheal Intubation | |
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Equipment for Endotracheal Intubation | |
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Selecting an Endotracheal Tube | |
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Preparing the Tube | |
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Intubation Procedure | |
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Complications of Intubation | |
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Maintenance of Anesthesia | |
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Maintenance with an Inhalant Agent | |
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Maintenance with intravenous agents, or TIVA | |
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Maintenance with injectable and inhalant agents | |
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Patient Positioning, Comfort and Safety | |
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Anesthetic Recovery | |
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Preparation for recovery | |
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Monitoring during recovery | |
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Signs of recovery | |
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Extubation | |
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Standing after regaining consciousness | |
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The Postanesthetic Period | |
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Food Animal Anesthesia | |
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Ruminants | |
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Patient preparation | |
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Selecting a Protocol | |
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Summary of a General Anesthetic Procedure | |
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Equipment Preparation | |
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Premedication or Sedation | |
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Anesthetic Induction | |
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Endotracheal Intubation | |
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Maintenance of Anesthesia | |
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Patient Positioning, Comfort and Safety | |
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Anesthetic Recovery | |
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The Post-anesthetic Period | |
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Swine | |
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Physical examination | |
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Sedation | |
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Anesthetic Induction | |
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Maintenance of Anesthesia | |
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Recovery | |
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Anesthesia of Rodents and Rabbits | |
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Patient evaluation | |
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Handling and restraint | |
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Physical examination | |
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Diagnostic tests | |
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Preanesthetic patient care | |
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Withholding food | |
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Correction of preexisting problems | |
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Preanesthetic agents | |
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Anticholinergics | |
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Phenothiazines | |
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Benzodiazepines | |
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Alpha<sub>2</sub> adrenergic agonists | |
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Opioids | |
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General anesthesia | |
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Induction techniques and agents | |
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Intubation and maintenance of anesthesia | |
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Postoperative care | |
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Anesthetic emergencies | |
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Respiratory depression | |
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Circulatory failure | |
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Postoperative Analgesia | |
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Pain assessment | |
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Analgesic agents | |
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Chronic pain | |
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Administration of analgesics | |
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Anesthetic Problems and Emergencies | |
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Reasons That Anesthetic Problems and Emergencies Arise | |
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Human Errors That May Lead to Anesthetic Problems and Emergencies | |
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Equipment Issues That May Lead to Anesthetic Problems and Emergencies | |
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Adverse Effects of Anesthetic Agents | |
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Patient Factors that may lead to Anesthetic Problems and Emergencies | |
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Response to Anesthetic Problems and Emergencies | |
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Role of the Veterinary Technician in Emergency Care | |
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General Approach to Emergencies | |
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Emergency Situations That May Arise During Anesthesia | |
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Problems That May Arise in the Recovery Period | |
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Workplace Safety | |
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Hazards of Waste Anesthetic Gas | |
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Short-Term Effects | |
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Long-Term Effects | |
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Assessment of Risk | |
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Reducing Exposure to Waste Anesthetic Gas | |
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Anesthetic techniques and procedures | |
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Monitoring Waste Gas Levels | |
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Safe Handling of Compressed Gases | |
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Fire Safety Precautions | |
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Use and Storage of Compressed Gas Cylinders | |
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Accidental Exposure to Injectable Agents | |
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Glossary | |