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Statistics, Data, and Statistical Thinking | |
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the Science of Statistics | |
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Types of Statistical Applications | |
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Fundamental Elements of Statistics | |
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Types of Data | |
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Collecting Data | |
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the Role of Statistics in Critical Thinking | |
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Statistics in Action: Social Media Networks and the Millennial Generation | |
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Using Technology: Creating and Listing Data | |
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Methods for Describing Sets of Data | |
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Describing Qualitative Data | |
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Graphical Methods for Describing Quantitative Data | |
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Summation Notation | |
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Numerical Measures of Central Tendency | |
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Numerical Measures of Variability | |
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Interpreting the Standard Deviation | |
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Numerical Measures of Relative Standing | |
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Methods for Detecting Outliers: Box Plots and z-Scores | |
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Graphing Bivariate Relationships (Optional) | |
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Distorting the Truth with Descriptive Techniques | |
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Statistics in Action: Body Image Dissatisfaction: Real or Imagined? | |
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Using Technology: Describing Data | |
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Probability | |
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Events, Sample Spaces, and Probability | |
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Unions and Intersections | |
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Complementary Events | |
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the Additive Rule and Mutually Exclusive Events | |
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Conditional Probability | |
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the Multiplicative Rule and Independent Events | |
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Random Sampling | |
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Some Additional Counting Rules (Optional) | |
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Bayes' Rule (Optional) | |
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Statistics in Action: Lotto Buster! -Can You Improve your Chances of Winning the Lottery? | |
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Using Technology: Generating a Random Sample | |
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Discrete Random Variables | |
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Two Types of Random Variables | |
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Probability Distributions for Discrete Random Variables | |
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Expected Values of Discrete Random Variables | |
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the Binomial Random Variable | |
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the Poisson Random Variable (Optional) | |
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the Hypergeometric Random Variable (Optional) | |
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Statistics in Action: Probability in a Reverse Cocaine Sting- Was Cocaine Really Sold? | |
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Using Technology: Discrete Probabilities | |
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Continuous Random Variables | |
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Continuous Probability Distributions | |
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the Uniform Distribution | |
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the Normal Distribution | |
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Descriptive Methods for Assessing Normality | |
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Approximating a Binomial Distribution with a Normal Distribution (Optional) | |
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the Exponential Distribution (Optional) | |
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Statistics in Action: Super Weapons Development - is the Hit Ratio Optimized? | |
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Using Technology: Continuous Random Variables, Probabilities, and Normal Probability Plots | |
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Sampling Distributions | |
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What is a Sampling Distribution? | |
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Properties of Sampling Distributions: Unbiasedness and Minimum Variance | |
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the Sampling Distribution of (x-bar) and the Central Limit Theorem | |
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Statistics in Action: the Insomnia Pill-Will It Take Less Time to Fall Asleep? | |
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Using Technology: Simulating a Sampling Distribution | |
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Inferences Based on a Single Sample: Estimation with Confidence Intervals | |
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Identifying and Estimating the Target Parameter | |
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Confidence Interval for a Population Mean: Normal (z) Statistic | |
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Confidence Interval for a Population Mean: Student's t-statistic | |
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Large-Sample Confidence Interval for a Population Proportion | |
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Determining the Sample Size | |
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Confidence Interval for a Population Variance (Optional) | |
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Statistics in Action: Medicare Fraud Investigations | |
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Using Technology: Confidence Intervals | |
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Inferences Based on a Single Sample: Tests of Hypothesis | |
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the Elements of a Test of Hypothesis | |
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Formulating Hypotheses and Setting Up the Rejection Region | |
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Test of Hypothesis About a Population Mean: Normal (z) Statistic | |
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Observed Significance Levels: p-Values | |
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Test of Hypothesis About a Population Mean: Student's t-statistic | |
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Large-Sample Test of Hypothesis About a Population Proportion | |
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Calculating Type II Error Probabilities: More About � (Optional) | |
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Test of Hypothesis About a Population Variance (Optional) | |
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Statistics in Action: Diary of a Kleenex User-How Many Tissues in a Box? | |
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Using Technology: Tests of Hypothesis | |
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Inferences Based on a Two Samples: Confidence Intervals and Tests of Hypotheses | |
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Identifying the Target Parameter | |
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Comparing Two Population Means: Independent Sampling | |
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Comparing Two Population Means: Paired Difference Experiments | |
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Comparing Two Population Proportions: Independent Sampling | |
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Determining the Sample Size | |
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Comparing Two Population Variances: Independent Sampling (Optional) | |
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Statistics in Action: Zixit Corp. vs. Visa USA Inc.-A Libel Case | |
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Using Technology: Two-Sample Inferences | |
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Analysis of Variance: Comparing More Than Two Means | |
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Elements of a Designed Study | |
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the Completely Randomized Design: Single Factor | |
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Multiple Comparisons of Means | |
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the Randomized Block Design | |
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Factorial Experiments: Two Factors | |
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Statistics in Action: on the Trail of the Cockroach: Do Roaches Travel at Random? | |
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Using Technology: Analysis of Variance | |
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Simple Linear Regression | |
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Probabilistic Models | |
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Fitting the Model: the Least Squares Approach | |
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Model Assumptions | |
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Assessing the Utility of the Model: Making Inferences About the Slope �1 | |
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the Coefficients of Correlation and Determination | |
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Using the Model for Estimation and Prediction | |
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A Complete Example | |
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Statistics in Action: Can "Dowsers" Really Detect Water? | |
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Using Technology: Simple Linear Regression | |
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Multiple Regression and Model Building | |
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Multiple Regression Models | |
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the First-Order Model: Inferences About the Individual �-Parameters | |
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Evaluating the Overall Utility of a Model | |
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Using the Model for Estimation and Prediction | |
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Model Building: Interaction Models | |
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Model Building: Quadratic and other Higher-Order Models | |
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Model Building: Qualitative (Dummy) Variable Models | |
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Model Building: Models with both Quantitative and Qualitative Variables | |
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Model Building: Comparing Nested Models (Optional) | |
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Model Building: Stepwise Regression (Optional) | |
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Residual Analysis: Checking the Regression Assumptions | |
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Some Pitfalls: Estimability, Multicollinearity, and Extrapolation | |
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Statistics in Action: Modeling Condo Sales: are There Differences in Auction Prices? | |
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Using Technology: Multiple Regression | |
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Categorical Data Analysis | |
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Categorical Data and the Multinomial Distribution | |
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Testing Categorical Probabilities: One-Way Table | |
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Testing Categorical Probabilities: Two-Way (Contingency) Table | |
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A Word of Caution About Chi-Square Tests | |
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Statistics in Action: College Students and Alcohol-Is Drinking Frequency Related to Amount? | |
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Using Technology: Chi-Square Analyses | |
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Nonparametric Statistics | |
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Introduction: Distribution-Free Tests | |
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Single Population Inferences | |
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Comparing Two Populations: Independent Samples | |
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Comparing Two Populations: Paired Difference Experiment | |
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Comparing Three or More Populations: Completely Randomized Design | |
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Comparing Three or More Populations: Randomized Block Design | |
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Rank Correlation | |
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Statistics in Action: How Vulnerable are Wells to Groundwater Contamination? | |
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Using Technology: Nonparametric Analyses | |
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Tables | |
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Random Numbers | |
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Binomial Probabilities | |
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Poisson Probabilities | |
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Normal Curve Areas | |
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Exponentials | |
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Critical Values of t | |
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Critical Values of x2 | |
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Percentage Points of the F Distribution, �=.10 | |
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Percentage Points of the F Distribution, �=.05 | |
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Percentage Points of the F Distribution, �=.025 | |
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Percentage Points of the F Distribution, �=.01 | |
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Critical Values of TL and TU for the Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test | |
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Critical Values of T0 in the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test | |
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Critical Values of Spearman's Rank Correlation Coefficient | |
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Calculation Formulas for Analysis of Variance | |
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Short Answers to Selected Odd-Numbered Exercises | |