| |
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| Dry Labs | |
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| Conversion Factors in Calculations | |
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| Rounding Off | |
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| Significant Figures in Calculations | |
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| Conversion Factors for Length | |
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| Conversion Factors for Volume | |
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| Conversion Factors for Mass | |
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| Percent by Mass | |
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| Converting Temperature | |
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| |
| Atomic Structure | |
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| |
| Physical Properties of Elements | |
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| Periodic Table | |
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| Subatomic Particles | |
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| Isotopes | |
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| Compounds and Their Formulas | |
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| Electron-Dot Structures | |
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| Ionic Compounds and Formulas | |
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| Ionic Compounds with Transition Metals | |
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| Ionic Compounds with Polyatomic Ions | |
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| Covalent (Molecular) Compounds | |
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| Electron Dot Structure and Molecular Shape | |
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| Properties of Organic Compounds | |
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| Color, Odor, and Physical State | |
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| Solubility | |
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| Combustion | |
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| Functional Groups | |
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| Structures of Alkanes | |
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| Structures of Alkanes | |
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| Constitutional Isomers | |
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| Cycloalkanes | |
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| Haloalkanes | |
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| Types of Carbohydrates | |
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| Monosaccharides | |
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| Disaccharides | |
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| Polysaccharides | |
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| General Chemistry | |
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| Measurement and Significant Figures | |
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| Measuring Length | |
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| Measuring Volume | |
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| Measuring Mass | |
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| Density and Specific Gravity | |
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| Density of a Solid | |
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| Density of a Liquid | |
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| Specific Gravity | |
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| Graphing Mass and Volume | |
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| Electronic Configuration and Periodic Properties | |
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| Flame Tests | |
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| Electron Configuration | |
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| Graphing A Periodic Property: Atomic Radius | |
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| Nuclear Radiation | |
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| Background Count | |
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| Radiation from Radioactive Sources | |
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| Effect of Shielding, Time, and Distance | |
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| Energy and Specific Heat | |
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| Specific Heat of A Metal | |
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| Measuring the Caloric Value of a Food | |
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| Food Calories | |
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| Energy and States of Matter | |
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| A Heating Curve for Water | |
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| Graphing a Cooling Curve | |
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| Energy in Changes of State | |
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| Chemical Reactions and Equations | |
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| |
| Magnesium and Oxygen | |
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| Zinc and Copper (II) Sulfate | |
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| Metals and HCl | |
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| |
| Reactions of Ionic Compounds | |
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| |
| Sodium Carbonate and HCl | |
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| |
| Reaction Rates and Equilibrium | |
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| |
| Exothermic and Endothermic Reactions | |
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| Rates of Reactions | |
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| Reversible Reactions | |
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| |
| Iron (III)-thiocyanate Equilibrium | |
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| Moles and Chemical Formulas | |
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| |
| Finding the Simplest Formula | |
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| |
| Formula of a Hydrate | |
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| |
| |
| Gas Laws | |
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| |
| Boyle's Law | |
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| Charles' Law | |
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| |
| Partial Pressures of Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Carbon Dioxide | |
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| |
| Partial Pressures of Oxygen and Nitrogen in Air | |
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| |
| Carbon Dioxide in the Atmosphere and Expired Air | |
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| |
| Solutions, Electrolytes, and Concentration | |
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| |
| Polarity of Solutes and Solvents | |
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| |
| Electrolytes and Conductivity | |
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| |
| Electrolytes in Body Fluids | |
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| |
| |
| Concentration of a Sodium Chloride Solution | |
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| |
| Soluble and Insoluble Salts | |
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| |
| |
| Soluble and Insoluble Salts | |
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| |
| |
| Solubility of KNO3 | |
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| |
| |
| Testing the hardness of Water | |
| |
| |
| |
| Purification of Water | |
| |
| |
| |
| Testing for Cations and Anions | |
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| |
| |
| Tests for Positive Ions (Cations) | |
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| |
| |
| Tests for Negative Ions (Anions) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Writing the Formulas of Your Unknown Salt | |
| |
| |
| |
| Testing Consumer Products for Some Cations and Anions | |
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| |
| |
| Solutions, Colloids, and Suspensions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Identification Tests | |
| |
| |
| |
| Osmosis and Dialysis | |
| |
| |
| |
| Filtration | |
| |
| |
| |
| Acids, Bases, pH and Buffers | |
| |
| |
| |
| pH Color Using Red Cabbage Indicator | |
| |
| |
| |
| Measuring pH | |
| |
| |
| |
| Effect of Buffers on Ph | |
| |
| |
| |
| Acid-Base Titration | |
| |
| |
| |
| Acetic Acid in Vinegar | |
| |
| |
| |
| Titration of an Antacid | |
| |
| |
| |
| ORGANIC AND BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY | |
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| |
| |
| Reactions of Hydrocarbons | |
| |
| |
| |
| Types of Hydrocarbons | |
| |
| |
| |
| Combustion | |
| |
| |
| |
| Bromine Test | |
| |
| |
| |
| Potassium Permanganate (KMnO4) Test | |
| |
| |
| |
| Identification of Unknown | |
| |
| |
| |
| Alcohols and Phenols | |
| |
| |
| |
| Structures of Alcohols and Phenol | |
| |
| |
| |
| Properties of Alcohols and Phenol | |
| |
| |
| |
| Oxidation of Alcohols | |
| |
| |
| |
| Ferric Chloride Test | |
| |
| |
| |
| Identification of Unknown | |
| |
| |
| |
| Aldehydes and Ketones | |
| |
| |
| |
| Structures of Some Aldehydes and Ketones | |
| |
| |
| |
| Properties of Aldehydes and Ketones | |
| |
| |
| |
| Iodoform Test for Methyl Ketones | |
| |
| |
| |
| Oxidation of Aldehydes and Ketones | |
| |
| |
| |
| Identification of an Unknown | |
| |
| |
| |
| Tests for Carbohydrates | |
| |
| |
| |
| Benedict's Test for Reducing Sugars | |
| |
| |
| |
| Seliwanoff's Test for Ketoses | |
| |
| |
| |
| Fermentation Test | |
| |
| |
| |
| Iodine Test for Polysaccharides | |
| |
| |
| |
| Hydrolysis of Disaccharides and Polysaccharides | |
| |
| |
| |
| Testing Foods for Carbohydrates | |
| |
| |
| |
| Carboxylic Acids and Esters | |
| |
| |
| |
| Carboxylic Acids and Their Salts | |
| |
| |
| |
| Esters | |
| |
| |
| |
| Basic Hydrolysis of Esters | |
| |
| |
| |
| Aspirin and Other Analgesics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Preparation of Aspirin | |
| |
| |
| |
| Testing Aspirin Products | |
| |
| |
| |
| Analysis of Analgesics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Lipids | |
| |
| |
| |
| Triacylglycerols | |
| |
| |
| |
| Physical Properties of Lipids and Fatty Acids | |
| |
| |
| |
| Bromine Test for Unsaturation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Preparation of Hand Lotion | |
| |
| |
| |
| Glycerophospholipids and Steroids | |
| |
| |
| |
| Isolating Cholesterol in Egg Yolk | |
| |
| |
| |
| Isolating Lecithin in Egg Yolk | |
| |
| |
| |
| Saponification and Soaps | |
| |
| |
| |
| Saponification: Preparation of Soap | |
| |
| |
| |
| Properties of Soap and Detergents | |
| |
| |
| |
| Amines and Amides | |
| |
| |
| |
| Structure and Classification of Amines | |
| |
| |
| |
| Solubility of Amines in Water | |
| |
| |
| |
| Neutralization of Amines with Acids | |
| |
| |
| |
| Amides | |
| |
| |
| |
| Synthesis of Acetaminophen | |
| |
| |
| |
| Synthesis of Acetaminophen | |
| |
| |
| |
| Isolating Acetanilide from an Impure Sample | |
| |
| |
| |
| Plastics and Polymerization | |
| |
| |
| |
| Classification of Plastics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Gluep and Slime“ | |
| |
| |
| |
| Polystyrene | |
| |
| |
| |
| Nylon | |
| |
| |
| |
| Amino Acids | |
| |
| |
| |
| Structures of Amino Acids | |
| |
| |
| |
| Chromatography of Amino Acids | |
| |
| |
| |
| Peptides and Proteins | |
| |
| |
| |
| Peptide Bonds | |
| |
| |
| |
| Structure of Proteins | |
| |
| |
| |
| Denaturation of Proteins | |
| |
| |
| |
| Isolation of Casein (Milk Protein) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Color Tests for Proteins | |
| |
| |
| |
| Enzymes | |
| |
| |
| |
| Effect of Enzyme Concentration | |
| |
| |
| |
| Effect of Temperature | |
| |
| |
| |
| Effect of pH | |
| |
| |
| |
| Inhibition of Enzyme Activity | |
| |
| |
| |
| Vitamins | |
| |
| |
| |
| Solubility of Vitamins | |
| |
| |
| |
| Standardization of Vitamin C | |
| |
| |
| |
| Analysis of Vitamin C in Fruit Juices and Fruit Drinks | |
| |
| |
| |
| Heat Destruction of Vitamin C | |
| |
| |
| |
| DNA Components and Extraction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Components of DNA | |
| |
| |
| |
| Extraction of DNA | |
| |
| |
| |
| Digestion of Foodstuffs | |
| |
| |
| |
| Digestion of Carbohydrates | |
| |
| |
| |
| Digestion of Fats | |
| |
| |
| |
| Protein Digestion | |
| |
| |
| |
| Analysis of Urine | |
| |
| |
| |
| Color, pH and Specific Gravity | |
| |
| |
| |
| Electrolytes | |
| |
| |
| |
| Glucose | |
| |
| |
| |
| Ketone Bodies | |
| |
| |
| |
| Protein | |
| |
| |
| |
| Urobilinogen | |
| |
| |
| Appendix : Materials and Solutions | |
| |
| |
| Standard Laboratory Materials | |
| |
| |
| Additional Materials Needed for Individual Experiments | |
| |
| |
| Preparation of Solutions Used in the Laboratory | |